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Register a new userChilling Hour Requirements for Breaking Dormancy in Flowering Buds of some Syrian Pistacia Species
احتياجات البرودة المطلوبة لكسر طور سكون براعم بعض أنواع البطم في سورية
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اِختُبـرت احتياجـات سـاعات البـرودة لأشـجار مؤنثـة و مـذكرة لكـل مـن الـبطم الأطلـسي atlantica Pistacia و البطم الفلسطيني palaestina. P و بطم كنجوك khinjuk. P . و ذلك من خلال تعريض عقل الأنواع المدروسة إلى 550 ،650 ،750 ،850 ،950 ،1050 ساعة برودة (درجة حـرارة 2ْ م). و من ثم وضعها في حجرة نمو توفر درجة حرارة و رطوبة و سطوع مشابهة لتلك التي تتعرض لها العقل في الطبيعة في مرحلة تفتح الإزهار، و من ثم حساب عدد الأيام لبلوغ طور أوج الإزهار.
The chill hour requirements of female and male trees of Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia palaestina and Pistacia khinjuk have been examined. This was carried out through putting the studied cuttings in cool chamber for different perriods of temperatures of 2 °C (550, 650, 750, 850, 950, and 1050 hours). The cuttings, later on, were moved into growth chamber which offers temperature, moisture and light similar to that available at the time of flowering season naturally.
References used
Byrne, D.H. and T.A. Bacon, 1992. Chilling Accumulation: its Importance and Estimation. The Texas Horticulturist 18 (8) pp. 8-9
Campbell, J., 1995.Winter Chill! - Apples and Pears for Warmer Districts. The Sixth Conference of the Australasian Council on Tree and Nut Crops Inc. Lismore, NSW, Australia. 11-15- Sept
Cheng, P. H. and Meng, C. Y. K. 1992, A New Formula for Tail probabilities of DUNNETT’s T with Unequal Sample Sizes, ASA Proc. Stat. Comp., 177- 182
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The experiment detected the chill hour requirements of 6 female and 8 male
varieties of Pistachio (Pictacia vera L.) cultivated in Aleppo, Idleb, Hama and
Dar’a in Syria needed to break down their bud dormancy. Studied cuttings left
at 2°C in cool
chamber for 650, 750, 850, 950, 1050 and 1150 hours were placed
into growth chamber offering temperature, moisture and brightness similar to
those available in nature during the period of blooming flowers. Statistical
analysis distinguished clearly between the chill requirements of the female and
the male varieties, where the males needed lower cold hours. Also, the female
varieties showed differences among them in their chill requirements due to
genetic resources which were affected by their geographical areas and
attitudes. The period in the growth chamber needed to reach a proper
blooming ranged between 32 days in the case of Ashoury variety cultivated in
Dar’a with 1150 chill hours and 54 days with Nab Aljamal variety existed in
Hama and Idleb with 650 chill hours. Meanwhile, in the male varieties this
figure was between 22 days for male 2 cultivated in Idleb (1150 chill hour) and
43 days for Male E in Dar’a (650 chill hours). The cluster configuration
between the males and females varieties was sorted by putting them in two
relative distant sub-clusters. The females varieties were distributed sorted into
sub-groups as well, insuring the similarity among the ones belong. In addition,
The males varieties were distributed into two types depending on their earliness
blooming time (early: Hama1, Hama2, Idleb1, Idleb2 – late: A jellin, E Jellin,
Aleppo1, Aleppo2). The results could be useful for the decisions of what
varieties to be grown in certain places depending on natural chill hours
available there.
The research trial was carried out at University of California, Davis,
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension–Kearney
Agricultural Center (KAC).
Part of the scientific work in the laboratory started from November 1, 2001
through
out the end of February 2002. This trial was conducted using Pistacia
vera; the female variety ‘Kerman’ and its pollinator, variety ‘Peters’;… both
are grafted on the rootstock UCB1.
This study was carried out during 2014-2015 in two different nurseries located in
University nursery (Lattakia governorate) and Salhab nursery (countryside of Hama
governorate). Seeds were taken from two sites of Lattakia governorate (Mashqita– Bsn
ada)
where Cordia myxa exists as exotic species in some coastal regions and three treatments in
addition to control were examined .The results showed that there is an effect of
scarification of seeds on investigated treatments and were significant differences in
germination percentage in both sites which recorded 55% in university nursery and 35% in
Al-Ghab nursery. While there were not contrast between the soaking in boiling and tap
water treatments on the seed germination energy in Al-Ghab nursery. Scarification
treatment gave higher value of germination energy 25% in Al-Ghab nursery and 21.66% in
university nursery , while the same treatment decreased germination velocity compared to
other treatments in university nursery which seed needed in average ( 8,01 day) whereas
the same treatment increased germination velocity in Al-Ghab nursery which needed (1,54
day). Finally, regarding to cutting ,There is not observe to any positive influence to
cuttings which treated in ABA hormone (1g/l) for (10,20,30 m). It could be deduced that
there were changes in germination percentage, germination energy and germination
velocity in two sites which appeared to be a Preliminary indication of impact of the some
dormancy breaking treatments on investigated indications of Cordia myxa Forsk. species .
This investigation was carried out at the Laboratory of Biotechnology at
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the
season 2010-2011. The aim of this research was to study the genetic diversity
among twenty individ
ual plants of seven species and to determine the degree of
genetic similarity using the technique ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats)
and 10 primers were used for this purpose. All primers proved their
effectiveness in showing polymorphism between the studied species, primers
gave a total 195 allele with a polymorphic percentage 100%. The number of
bands for each primer varied from a minimum of 12 bands for the primer
(ISSR-4) to a maximum of 27 bands for the primer (ISSR-862) in an average of
19.5 bands for each primer, cluster analysis and Dendrogram showed the
highest degree of genetic similarity between accession A.leucoclada1 and
A.leucoclada2 (0.64), while it was low between species A.leucoclada3 and
A.glauca2 (0.10). Results showed vast genetic diversity among the studied
species.
Winter chilling requirements are critical for flowering and fruiting of many
fruit species, with evidence that pistachio has been adversely affected by warm
winter, so that estimating chilling and heat requirements is crucial for
identifying appro
priate cultivars for given site. In our study, different levels of
chilling hours were applied (500-600-700-800-900-1000-1100-1200-1300-1400 h).
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