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Register a new userThe impact of time and depth of adding phosphorus on it's availability in calcareous soil
تأثير زمن إضافة الفوسفور و عمقه في إتاحته في تربة كلسية
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نُفذّتْ تجربة حقلية أضيف فيها مقنن سماد السوبر فوسفات إلى تربة كلسية زرعت بالذرة الـصفراء في موسمين زراعيين خلال عامي 2011 2012 في مزرعة كلية الزراعة بأبي جرش، أضـيف الـسماد على الأعماق (تسميد سطحي، 10 سم، 20 سم) مقارنةً بمعاملة الشاهد (دون إضـافة)، جـرى الاعتيـان بمعدل 12 مكرراً من كل معاملة و على أربعة أعماق مختلفة (0 10) سـم (10 20) سـم (20 30) سـم، (30 40) سم بمعدل مكررين أيضاً لكل عمق، و ذلك خلال أزمنة مختلفة من موسمي النمو النباتي [الزمن صفر، بعد 15 يوماً، بعد 30 يوماً، بعد 45 يوماً، بعد 60 يوماً، بعد 90 يوماً من الزراعة]. قدر الفوسفور المتاح في العينات جميعها، أظهرت النتائج ارتفاعاً في تركيز الفوسفور المتاح بعد الزراعة مباشرةً، مـع ازدياد ملحوظ فيه بعد 15 يوماً منها، و ذلك في المعاملات كلّها و على أعماق الاعتيان كلّها، ثم أخذ هـذا التركيز بالتناقص في أزمنة الاعتيان المتلاحقة و بمعدل ثابت في المعاملات جميعها و على الأعماق كلّهـا أيضاً، حتى بلغ النصف تقريباً (بعد 90 يوماً من الزراعة). كما لوحظ تفوق العمقين من 0 10 سم ومـن 10 20 سم من حيث تركيز الفوسفور المتاح، أما بالنسبة إلى أزمنة الاعتيان المختلفة فقد تبـين تفـوق الزمن بعد 15 يوماً من الزراعة و تبعه مباشرةً الزمن صفر، كما وجد أيضاً أن أفضل تركيـز للفوسـفور المتاح كان على العمق 0 20 سم في معاملة التسميد على عمق 10 سم، و زمن الاعتيان بعد 15 يوماً من الزراعة.
This study was conducted at the farm of agriculture college (Abu Jarash), Damascus university to determine the impact of time and depth of adding phosphorus on it's availability in calcareous soil cultivated with corn during 2011 and 2012 seasons. Super phosphorus fertilizer was added to the soil at three different depths (0, 10 and 20 cm), while the control spot left without fertilizer addition. Soil samples were taken for analysis of available phosphorus (P) from 12 replicates at different depths 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm with two samples for every depth at zero time, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days during the growing corn. Results indicated that the available phosphorus increased directly in all samples after cultivation, with a marked value recorded at all depths after 15 days of cultivation. This concentration began decreasing gradually with a constant rate in time in all transactions and reached 50% after 90 days of cultivation. It was also observed that available phosphorus was higher at the two depths, 0-10 and 10-20 cm and after 15 days of post- corn cultivation and followed by zero time and it was found that the best concentration was observed at depth extended from 0 to 20 cm in the treatment of adding fertilizer at depth of 10 cm and time of sampling was 15 days of cultivation.
References used
Akinremi, O. O. 1991. Phosphate and accompanying cation transport in a calcareous cation exchange resin system. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:959 - 964
Bell, L. C. and C. A. Black. 1970. Transformation of dibasic calcium phosphate dehydrate and octacalcium phosphate in slightly acid and alkaline soils. Soil science society of America proceedings 34:583– 587
Campbell, G. P., V. Lafond. O. Biederbeck, and G. E. Winkleman. 1993. Influence of legumes and fertilization on deep distribution of available phosphorus (olsen–p) in soil. Can. J. Soil Sci., 73:555 – 565
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This research studies some soil properties formed on calcareous rocks under a natural plant cover of wide leaves (mainly: Quercus calliprinos and Quercus infectoria) in Banias region (63 – 234) meters height above sea level.
Firstly, 3 soi
l profiles in the studied area were done, then morphological characteristic, type of plant cover and Geographic Position System (GPS) were accomplished.
Samples were taken from profile horizons, then, physical and chemical properties were determined (structure, bulk and real densities, total calcium carbonate percent, organic matter content, action exchange capacity, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and pH).
The profile depth ranged between low and medium (60 – 137) cm, the pH ranged between neutral and alkaline (7.1- 8.2), there was an increase in calcium carbonate content in the whole profile (17- 88%), and also increase of organic matter contents in the horizon (8- 12%). Due to high clay (18-74) % and organic matter content (8-12) %, the soils showed high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (21- 92 meq/100g). Exchangeable calcium was dominant on the surface of adsorption complex (17- 74 meq/100g), then magnesium in second stage (0.2- 6 meq/100g).
From a classification point, the soils were classified under the following orders:
Entisols, Mollisols, Inceptisols, which have profile types: A – AC – C, A – AR – R, and A – (B) – C.
Soil depth and its content of rocky pieces were varied according to relief degree, plant cover intensity, and parent rocks hardness. Most of soil properties are a parent material descendible, and the soils were slightly developed and recently formed.
This research is done in an experiment by plaster in the
circumstances of Homs. The aim of this paper to study the effect of
adding four different levels of phosphogypsum as much as (0.00,
6.72, 13.44, 20.16)ton / hectare (three replicates for eac
h treatment)
on bulk density and structure stability for clay soil has taken from
(Kattina).
The results showed improvement in the stability of the structure of
soil specially (0.25-1)mm, increasing in aggregation degree ,
increasing of the rate of total porosity ,air filled porosity in
comparison to the control at the two levels(13.44, 20.16)ton/hectare
and also by increasing the added level . Whereas the dispersion
ratio , and Bulk density were decreased when increasing the level
of phosphogypsum at the same two levels.
The main achieved results in this study showed , a significant
increase in aggregation degree in the soil when increasing the ratio
of the added phosphogypsum at the levels( 6.72, 13.44, 20.16) in
comparasion with control .
In other way the dispersion ratio was decreased and had negative
relationship when increasing the level of the added
phosphogypsum in comparasion with control .
The etching primary teeth dentin is more important factors for bonding
composit with primary teeth dentin.
objective: The aim of this research is to know the effect of time etching with the phosphoric acid 37% by
duration (7 or 15 seconds) for the composite bonding strength with primary molar dentin towards shear
strength.
With the widespread of oil facilities, distribution centers of oil and oil tanks, it has become a must in this article to study the impact of these materials on the physical and mechanical properties of soils, especially at coast to avoid distortions
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We tried in this research to study Clay coastal soil. Two main samples were studied: one polluted with materials leaked from these sites and the other was not. The samples were taken from both types and transported to the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the University in October. In the laboratory, we conducted experiments and evaluated their results.
A field experiment was conducted for two years 2011-2012 to evaluate the effect of various tillage implements, tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on soil bulk density, its moisture, and peanut growth. Three different implements
were used: moldboard (MP), chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Tillage depth treatments (split-plots) included (8-10) cm, (18- 20) cm and (28- 30) cm tillage depths; D1, D2 ,D3 respectively. Timing applications (split-split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering.
All tillage implements decreased soil bulk density for the tillage depth. They were for treatments (DP,CP,MP) at (0-10)cm depth (1.31,1.33,1.29) g/cm3, (1.31,1.32,1.31) g/cm3 at (10-20) cm depth and (1.36,1.37,1.35)g/cm3at(20-30) cm depth. Soil moisture increased in treatments (DP,CP) with increasing tillage depth .There was no effect of previous factors on main branches, but timing of nitrogen fertilizers (T1, T2) effected secondary branches significantly compared to T3. Moldboard significantly increased leaf area to (1.77) m2/plant compared to chisel (CP) and disk ploughs (DP). Also D2, D3 increased leaf area compared to D1. (T1, T2) significantly increased leaf area compared to T1. Interaction between timing of application and depth (D3 xT2) gave significant differences. The best value was (1.85) m2/plant for the two years.
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