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Register a new userA comparison of the optimal conditions for the cellulase production by local fungal isolates T.harzianum and A.alternate
مقارنة بين الظروف المثلى لإنتاج أنزيم السيلّولاز من العزلتين الفطريتين المحليتين T.harzianum و A. alternate
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تمّ الكشف عن قابلية العزلتين الفطريتين المحليتين Trichoderma harzianum و Alternaria alternate، المعزولتين من المحيط الجذري لنبات القمح Triticum aestivum L.، لإنتاج أنزيم السيلّولاز في الأوساط الصلبة CMC-Agar. فلوحظ أنّ للفطرين قابلية لإنتاج الأنزيم، و تفوق الفطر T.harzianum في إنتاجه للسيلّولاز على الفطر A.alternate. ثمّ أجريّ اختبار كمي باستخدام وسط مندل السائل لتحديد الظروف المثلى من (فترة حضن، درجة حرارة و pH) لأفضل إنتاج للسيلّولاز من الفطرين. فكانت أفضل ظروف لإنتاجه من الفطر T.harzianum هي 7 أيام حضن (3.97 U/mL) ، درجة حرارة 26C (4.07 U/mL) و pH=5.5 (4.19U/mL)، بينما أفضل ظروف لإنتاج السيلّولاز من الفطر A.alternate هي 8 أيام حضن (3.29U/mL)، درجة حرارة 28C (3.15 U/mL) و pH=5.0 (3.86 U/mL). و تبين من المقارنة بين متوسطات الفعالية الأنزيمية لكلا الفطرين تفوّق الفطر T.harzianum بإنتاجه للسيلّولاز على الفطر A.alternate، كما و تبين أنّ تأثير زمن الحضن على إنتاج السيلّولاز من الفطر T.harzianum أكبر من تأثيره على إنتاجه من الفطر A.alternate، في حين تأثير كل من درجة الحرارة و درجة pH على إنتاج السيلّولاز من الفطر T.harzianum أقل من تأثيرهما على إنتاجه من الفطر A.alternate.
It was detected for the ability of a local fungus T.harzianum and A.alternate which was isolated from the rhizosphere of Wheat plant Triticum aestivum L. to produce the enzyme complex cellulase in solid medium (CMC-Agar). So it has been showed that T.harzianum and A.alternate have an ability to produce this enzyme, While the T.harzianum have higher production of cellulase than A.alternate. Then conducted a quantitative test using Mandelium liquid medium is used to determine the optimal conditions (incubation time, temperature, PH) for the best cellulase production of the two fungus studied. It was, the best conditions for its production, from T.harzianum is 7 days inchubation (3.97 U/mL), temperature 26C (4.07 U/mL) and pH=5.5 (4.19U/mL). While the best conditions for its production from A.alternate is 8 days inchubation (3.29U/mL), temperature 28C (3.15 U/mL) and pH=5.0 (3.86 U/mL). The comparison between the enzymatic activity average for both fungus , was showed superiority T.harzianum by production cellulase than fungus A.alternate. And discern that the effect of the incubation time on cellulase production from fungus T.harzianum more than its effect on cellulase production from fungus A.alternate. While effect of pH and temperature on cellulase production from fungus T.harzianum less than their effect on cellulase production from fungus A.alternate.
References used
Mahmood,k.,Wei-jun,Y.;Nazir,K.; Iqbal,R.Z.and Arijo,A. G. Study of cellulolytic soil fungi and two nova species and new medium. J. Zhejiang Univ Science B, 7 (6), 2006, 459-466
Omojasola, P. F.; jilani, O.P. and Ibiyemi, S.A. Cellulase production by some fungi cultured on pineapple wastes. Nature and Science, 6(2), 2008, Issn: 64-78
Eveleigh, D.E. Cellulase: aperspective. Philosophicl Transanctions of the Royal Society of London, Seris B-Biological Sciences,1987, 321:435-447
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It wasdetected for the ability of a local fungus A.niger, A.alternata, F.oxysporum,
F.solaniandP.devirsum to produce the enzyme lipase in solidmedium including Triputyrin.
The enzymic activity of P.devirsum fungus is distinction from other fungus,
while the
fungus A.alternata failed to produce the lipase. Then they tested quantitatively using a
liquid center to determine the best conditions for best growth to fungus P.devirsum and for
best produce to enzyme lipase. It indicates that corn oil is the best carbonic source for
growth of fungus after 5 days of incubation, as biomass reached(15.99g/L) and effective of
lipase (67.43%).And it found that the concentration of 2% of the corn oil has achieved best
biomass
(17.83g/L) and best production of enzyme lipase effectively(72.78%). Temperature 34 c
achieved the highest biomass (18.94g/L) and best production of enzyme lipase (76.16%),
and pH =7 was the best for the growth of fungus in biomass reached (21.87g/L) and
production of lipase effectively (82.93%). While the nitrogenic source gave peptone
biggest value to biomass (27.08 g/L) and highest production for enzyme (88.12%) in
optimal conditions reached.
The following Fungal species were isolated from therhizosphere of wheat plant (TriticumaestivumL.): Trichodermaharzianum, T. viride, T. longibrachiatum, Rhizoctoniasolani, Alternariaalternata, Fusariumsolani, Fusariumoxysporum and Aspergillusniger. I
t was shown that all isolated fungi had the capacity to produce cellulase in solid medium (CMC- Agar), while the fungus T.viride gave the highest capability for the production of this enzyme(5.16). The fungus Rhizoctoniasolani gave less productive ratio (2.61). Quantitative test using Mandelium liquid medium showed that the fungus T.viride had the highest productivity of Cellulase(4.39 U/mL), and this fungus had greater biomass (8.96 g/L). The fungus Rhizoctoniasolani gave lower enzyme productivity(2.04 U/mL) and its biomass reached(4.65 g/L). The study of different carbon sources for the fungus T.harzianum showed that Sucrose was the best media in Cellulase productivity. It reached (3.87U/mL), and the biomass was (2.83 g/L).
The conditions for producing cellulase enzyme were optimized using corn
husks as substrate in submerged fermentation. The effects of five parameters
(incubation temperature, pH, substrate concentration, inoculum volume,
fermentation time) on the s
train growth and enzyme production were studied.
For this purpose the statistical program Minitab and the statistical design
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were applied.
45 samples were collected from various sources (soil, degraded wood and
mushroom compost) from three cities (Damascus, Homs and Lattakia). 18
Trichoderma isolates were isolated and identified by microscope. These isolates
were screened using CMC m
edium with Congo red dy to identify their ability
to produce cellulase complex. The amount of enzyme production was
determined depending on the radius of clear zone around the colony. Results
showed that the most productive isolate was Tr with radius 7 ± 0.2 cm followed
by Tg and Ti. Optimization of cellulase production was performed using
response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal parameters were:
temperature 29.5 ˚C, pH = 6، incubation time 4 days, aeration speed 175 rpm
and wheat straw concentration 3%. All studied parameters had significant
effect on cellulase enzyme activity.
Tylosin and Spiramycin are medium-spectrum macrolide antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine for the treatment of a wide range of infections.This research deals with the determination of optimal conditions for simultaneous separation and d
etermination of two macrolides antibiotics (Tylosin and Spyramicine), using C8 and C18 Chromatographic separation columns and doing the comparison between them in order to develop a rapid and sensitive method which can be used to measure these two compounds using High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Diode array detector (HPLC-DAD).
This study has used the gradient elution for mobile phase and revealed that the best conditions for separation and determination are conjugated with the best retention times and best areas for both studied compounds using a mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution of anhydrated disodium Hydrogen Phosphate at pH=2.4 and an organic solution of acetonitrile with a ratio of 80:20v/v (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B) [Na2HPO4(0.04M) pH:2.4/CAN (80:20v/v)]/ ACN, temperature 40°C for both columns, flow ratio of 1ml/min. for the mobile phase and maximum absorption wave length 280 nm, 232nm for Tylosin and Spyramicine respectively. The best peak areas are recorded as 5.759, 5.927 for Tylosin and Spyramicine 0.10ppm respectively, using C8 Chromatographic separation column in comparison with the best peak areas 4.432, 4.212 respectively at the same concentration using C18 Chromatographic separation column. It was noticed that the best retention times for Tylosin and Spyramicine were 7.013, 4.214min. respectively at concentration of 0.10ppm using C8 Chromatographic separation column in comparison with the best retention times 7.641, 5.898min. respectively at the same concentration using C18 Chromatographic separation column. The calibration curves for both separated compounds on C8 Chromatographic separation column showed a good linearity within a concentration range of 0.0010-0.10 ppm ≈ 1-100ppb at the two wave lengths λmax. = 280, 232nm respectively.
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