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The provision of possession of Zakat and its impact on the work of charities

شرط التمليك في الزكاة و مدى تأثيره في عمل الجمعيات الخيرية الإسلامية

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 Publication date 2011
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Acquisition is a pillar of Zakat and Zakat is not valid unless it is possessed by the poor (deservers of Zakat) and it is not valid or permissible or giving up and other forms of ownership. The four Islamic fiqh schools agreed on the obligatory of acquisition so they said charity must not be given to mosques and cemeteries and others because of shortage of acquisition And Zakat is considered more important resource for Charity So does it have a legal acquisition because it is recognised legal constitution and, if that is true can it manage zakat money absolutely? in other words can the charity build or repair buildings or buy furniture like tables and chairs. Generally the research shows the limits of the managements of charities with Zakat money with existence of acquisition provision and this shows the vulnerability to this condition.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناقش هذه الدراسة شرط التمليك في الزكاة ومدى تأثيره على عمل الجمعيات الخيرية الإسلامية. تعتبر الزكاة من الموارد الأساسية التي تسد معظم نفقات الجمعيات الخيرية، ولكن هناك إشكالات تتعلق بمدى تحقق التمليك من الجمعية الخيرية وحدود تصرفاتها بمال الزكاة. تتناول الدراسة آراء الفقهاء من المذاهب الأربعة حول وجوب التمليك في الزكاة، حيث اتفق الحنفية والشافعية على وجوب التمليك في جميع أصناف الزكاة، بينما ذهب المالكية والحنابلة إلى وجوب التمليك في بعض الأصناف فقط. كما تتناول الدراسة إشكالات التمليك مثل شراء آلات الحرب وفداء الأسير ودفع الدين إلى الغريم، وتناقش مسألة التمليك من الشخصية الاعتبارية مثل الجمعيات الخيرية. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن التمليك متصور من الشخصية الاعتبارية في حدود توزيع الزكاة وإيصالها للمستحقين، وأنه يجوز للجمعيات الخيرية التصرف بمال الزكاة بيعاً واستبدالاً ونقلاً في مصالح أهل الاستحقاق. أوصت الدراسة بإنشاء صندوقين في الجمعيات الخيرية، أحدهما للققراء ومن يشترط في حقهم القبض والتمليك، والآخر للأصناف التي لا يجب فيها التمليك، وتوسيع مجالات تصرفات الجمعيات الخيرية في الزكاة بما يخدم مصالح المستحقين.
Critical review
تعتبر هذه الدراسة من الدراسات الهامة التي تسلط الضوء على قضية معاصرة تتعلق بعمل الجمعيات الخيرية الإسلامية ومدى التزامها بشروط الزكاة. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الانتقادات البناءة للدراسة. أولاً، كان من الممكن أن تتناول الدراسة بشكل أعمق تأثيرات التمليك على الفئات المستحقة للزكاة وكيفية تحسين آليات التوزيع لضمان تحقيق العدالة. ثانياً، كان من الممكن أن تتناول الدراسة تجارب عملية من جمعيات خيرية في دول أخرى لتقديم نماذج واقعية يمكن الاستفادة منها. ثالثاً، كان من الأفضل أن تتناول الدراسة بشكل أوسع الجانب القانوني والإداري لعمل الجمعيات الخيرية وكيفية توافقه مع الشروط الشرعية للزكاة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو شرط التمليك في الزكاة؟

    شرط التمليك في الزكاة يعني أن الزكاة لا تصح إلا إذا تم تمليكها للفقير المستحق، ولا تصح الإباحة أو الإسقاط أو غيرهما من صور التمليك.

  2. ما هي آراء الفقهاء حول وجوب التمليك في الزكاة؟

    اتفق الحنفية والشافعية على وجوب التمليك في جميع أصناف الزكاة، بينما ذهب المالكية والحنابلة إلى وجوب التمليك في بعض الأصناف فقط.

  3. ما هي إشكالات التمليك التي تناولتها الدراسة؟

    تناولت الدراسة إشكالات التمليك مثل شراء آلات الحرب، فداء الأسير، ودفع الدين إلى الغريم.

  4. ما هي توصيات الدراسة للجمعيات الخيرية الإسلامية؟

    أوصت الدراسة بإنشاء صندوقين في الجمعيات الخيرية، أحدهما للققراء ومن يشترط في حقهم القبض والتمليك، والآخر للأصناف التي لا يجب فيها التمليك، وتوسيع مجالات تصرفات الجمعيات الخيرية في الزكاة بما يخدم مصالح المستحقين.


References used
الأحكام السلطانية، أبو الحسن علي بن محمد بن حبيب البغدادي الماوردي، دار الفكر، بيروت.
أسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة لابن الأثير، دار إحياء التراث العربي /بيروت.
الإنصاف في معرفة الراجح من الخلاف للإمام علاء الدين أبي الحسن علي بن سليمان المرداوي، تحقيق: محمد حامد الفقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة الأولى.
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