Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userThe Relationship Between International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization: Are They Complementary or Contradictory?
العلاقة بين صندوق النقد الدولي و منظمة التجارة العالمية: تكامل أم تناقض؟
2915
5 77
0
(
0
)
Authors
ياسر الحويش( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
Ask ChatGPT about the research
تتعدد أوجه العلاقة بين صندوق النقد الدولي (الصندوق) و منظمة التجارة العالمية (المنظمة) بسبب التداخل بين المسائل التي يهتم بها كل منهما. فالصندوق يهتم بضبط العلاقات الدولية النقدية، في حين ينصب اهتمام المنظمة على العلاقات الدولية التجارية. لكن هذه المجالات التي تبدو مختلفةً في إطارها العام متشابكة بالضرورة في بعض التفصيلات. فلا يمكن فصل التجارة الدولية التي يعد تحريرها هدفاً للصندوق مثلما هو هدف للمنظمة عن مسائل الصرف الأجنبي التي يمكن فرض القيود عليها في الصندوق، و استثناء العضو الذي يفرض هذه القيود من الالتزام بقواعد المنظمة الرامية لتحرير التجارة عندما تُفرض القيود لحماية ميزان المدفوعات، أو بسبب مشكلات الاحتياطيات النقدية، أو ترتيبات الصرف الأجنبي. يعالج هذا البحث العلاقة بين الصندوق و المنظمة من خلال ثلاثة محاور، يبحث أولها في الأسس القانونية للعلاقة بين الصندوق و المنظمة؛ و يركز ثانيها على الفوارق التنظيمية و العملية بينهما، من خلال بيان التكامل في الأهداف و الانعدام في التناسق، و الاختلاف في الصلاحيات و في طريقة ممارستها، و الاختلاف في الجهات الوطنية المسؤولة عن التعامل مع كل منهما؛ أما ثالث محاور الدراسة فينصب على بيان الحقوق و الالتزامات المتجانسة بين المؤسستين، و لاسيما ما ورد من نصوص في اتفاقيات المنظمة ذات صلة بعمل الصندوق، و هي نصوص تتعلق بالصرف الأجنبي وردت على شكل استثناءات في اتفاقيتي الجات و الجاتس.
There are several aspects of the relationship between International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO). Although of the overlapping matters which they concern with, as the IMF concerns with exchange matters, where as the WTO cares to liberalizing of international trade, nevertheless, it seems they are tangled in details. So, it is difficult to separate international trade fromexchange matters. This research deals with the relationship between IMF andWTO through three points: First point responses to the question: what are the legal bases of relationship between IMF and WTO? The second one focuses on differences in scope and exercise of jurisdiction, in order to clarify that the purposes of the WTO and the IMF are complementary, although they are asymmetrical organizations. Third point searches on homogeneous rights and obligations in both organizations, especially as to Articles of WTO’s Agreements which relate to IMF’s jurisdiction, such as exchange restrictions in the GATT and in the GATS. ...
References used
AHN (Dukgeun), Linkages Between International Financial and Trade Institutions: IMF, World Bank and WTO, Journal of World Trade, Aug. 2000
AUBOIN (Marc), Fulfilling the Marrakesh Mandate on Coherence: Ten Years of Cooperation between the WTO, IMF and World Bank, WTO DISCUSSION PAPER NO 13., Printed by the WTO Secretariat - 6006.07, 2007
(COLLINS (David), Efficient Breach, Reliance and Contract Remedies at the WTO, Journal of World Trade 43, No. 2 (2009
rate research
Read More
يعد التشاور بين صندوق النقد الدولي (الصندوق) و منظمة التجارة العالمية (المنظمة) موضوعاً تتفاعل فيه هاتان المؤسستان الدوليتان. و يثير هذا البحث تساؤلاً عن: هل تكون عملية التشاور حقاً لهاتين المؤسستين أم لإحداهما، أم التزاماً مترتباً عليهما أم على إحدا
هما.
و قد عولج الموضوع من خلال بندين رئيسين، تناول أولهما النظام القانوني للتشاور بين الصندوق و المنظمة، إذ حدد الأساس القانوني للتشاور من جهة، و القيمة القانونية له من جهة أخرى. أما البند الثاني فقد عولجت فيه قضيتان عرضتا أمام قضاء المنظمة، انطوتا على مسائل في صميم اختصاص
الصندوق، إحداهما (قضية الرسوم على الواردات التي فرضتها الأرجنتين) و أثيرت فيها مشروطية الصندوق، و ثانيتهما (قضية ميزان المدفوعات الهندية) التي أقيمت ضد الهند لفرضها قيوداً كمية بسبب وضع ميزان مدفوعاتها. في كلتا القضيتين كانت فرق تسوية النزاعات مطالبةً بالتشاور مع الصندوق. لكن فرق التسوية اتخذت مواقف مختلفة حيال مسألة التشاور.
تأثير التعامل الاقتصادي مع الدول المحيطة والاتحاد الاوروبي على حكة البضائع الزراعية وأثر ذلك على الميزان التجاري
The existence of the Arabs in Africa extends deeply in history. In fact, there are many theorems to trace when Arabs arrived at Africa. These theorems vary depending on the way we want to define who Arabs are. In addition, the humanitarians' dimensio
ns in international relations are in themselves rather vague because such interpretation is not agreed upon in both western and international law especially in relation to Arab and African situations.
There is no doubt that international relations, especially neighbourhood relations, are not as they are supposed to be. In fact, these relations are completely oriented by
maintaining interest, ignoring morals, which results in replacing intimacy with resentment.
It is true that Westerns succeeded in contaminating Arab-African relations to extent of hostility. The can be attributed to the cooperation between Arabs and Africans is completely controlled by the political moods rather than on true mutual interest.
This fluctuating mood has led to the absence of common vision to face challenges.
Therefore the necessity demands taking practical action not merely wishes and words to create a new regional cooperation for the human good. This cooperation should result in developing bordering cities economically, culturally, and at humanitarian level. There is also a need to boost up financial aids to be as or exceed
the western financial aids, which make people less dependent on Western and rebuild historical relations and revive ties of kinship between regional countries.
All this in the context of a humanitarian status-strong neighbor and good neighborliness. ...
International terrorism is considered a serious problem in the international
community which can be used for political purposes and to put pressure on countries. In
the Middle East in particular, and in the light of sharp conflicts, the internation
al
community gave this issue special attention and adopted several treaties and agreements
under the supervision of UN and other regional and religious organizations, such as the
Organization of Islamic Conference. The study aims at presenting the discrepancy between
Islam and terrorism in addition to challenging and denying the unfair charge that terrorism
is linked to Islam. We will discuss in our study the phenomenon of terrorism in
accordance with the Organization of the Islamic Conference Treaty and show the definition
of the crime of terrorism and its cornerstones and penalty owed by linking this topic to the
terrorism experienced by Syria and practiced by terrorist groups disguised by takfiri
extremist ideas which are definitely unrelated to Islam.
This paper tries to examine the relationship between analogy and the grammatical
rule. Analogy is one of the basic principles and bases of Arabic grammar during times of
rule formation and judging it. Linguists were divided in their attitude to ana
logy, with
some supporting it and others against it. Grammarians were more inclined toward analogy
than compilers, because grammarians’ research was based on the existing similarity
between words, phrases, and style used in speech reported by tellers of what had been said
by the Arabs. They based their rules and origins of analogy on that similarity. Analogists
transliterated some foreign terms, Arabized, and derived new words out of them in a
manner similar to that done with Arabic terms. However, some grammarians went very far
in their excessive use of analogy to the extent that it becomes far removed from linguistic
reality to be a form riddle and guessing, leading to reaction against analogy then against
grammar. Analogy became an end in itself; it overlooked its original purpose; was then
manifested in rule formation of words said spontaneously.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
