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Approaches of literary composition in the third Hijri century

مناهج التأليف الأدبي في القرن الثالث الهجري

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 Publication date 2013
  fields Literature
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This research highlights two main approaches that are used in the most distinguished literary books in the Hijri third century: The first one is digression. This approach is based on the spontaneous transferring of the readers from a subject or idea to another without a logical connection. This approach may include a hint of confusion and a lack of methodicalness. It may also hide denotations, intentions and viewpoints that could not be made explicit. Al-Jahez (255 Hijri) is the most prominent representative of the approach in his two books (Al-Hayawan) and (Al-Bayan and Altabyeen), Al-Jahez is truly considered the real founder of digression. The second one is the approach of categorization and classification that is based on arranging the cognitive, homogeneous vocabulary and putting them within one chapter with a specific title. In his book (Uyoun Al-akhbar), Ibn Qutaibah is considered the first to begin this method by dividing his book into categories. Each of these categories include a set of partly homogeneous news. This is because he does not want to completely break away from the tradition of digression used by his predecessors. Ibn Qutaibah's work was a leading stage in the field of categorizing and classification. As for the book (Al–Kamel) by Al–Mubarred; in spite of dividing this book to chapters, it does not hold the essence of categorization, and the division was just formal.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
يسلط البحث الضوء على منهجين رئيسيين في التأليف الأدبي في القرن الثالث الهجري. الأول هو منهج الاستطراد الذي يتميز بالانتقال العفوي بين الموضوعات والأفكار دون رابط منطقي، مما قد يوحي بالاضطراب وعدم المنهجية. يُعتبر الجاحظ (ت 255هـ) من أبرز ممثلي هذا المنهج في كتابيه 'الحيوان' و'البيان والتبيين'. الثاني هو منهج التصنيف والتبويب الذي يعتمد على ترتيب المعلومات المتجانسة في أبواب محددة، ويُعد ابن قتيبة (ت 276هـ) من أوائل من استخدم هذا المنهج في كتابه 'عيون الأخبار'. كما يتناول البحث كتاب 'الكامل' للمبرد (ت 285هـ) الذي رغم تقسيمه إلى أبواب، إلا أنه لم يتبع منهج التصنيف بشكل كامل وكان تقسيمه شكلياً فقط. يهدف البحث إلى فهم الأساليب والمنهجيات التي استخدمها المؤلفون في تلك الفترة، وتحليل العوامل التي أثرت على تكوينها وتطورها.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يتناول البحث موضوعاً مهماً في تاريخ الأدب العربي، وهو مناهج التأليف في القرن الثالث الهجري. إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن أن تُثار حوله. أولاً، يُلاحظ أن البحث يركز بشكل كبير على الجاحظ وابن قتيبة والمبرد، مما قد يُغفل مساهمات مؤلفين آخرين في تلك الفترة. ثانياً، يمكن أن يُعاب على البحث عدم تقديمه تحليلاً عميقاً للأسباب الاجتماعية والسياسية التي أدت إلى تفضيل منهج على آخر. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن أن يُثري البحث بمزيد من المقارنات بين المناهج الأدبية في الثقافات الأخرى في نفس الفترة الزمنية. على الرغم من هذه النقاط، يُعتبر البحث إضافة قيمة لفهم تطور مناهج التأليف في الأدب العربي.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو منهج الاستطراد ومن هو أبرز ممثليه؟

    منهج الاستطراد هو الانتقال العفوي بين الموضوعات والأفكار دون رابط منطقي. أبرز ممثليه هو الجاحظ في كتابيه 'الحيوان' و'البيان والتبيين'.

  2. ما هو منهج التصنيف والتبويب ومن هو أبرز ممثليه؟

    منهج التصنيف والتبويب يعتمد على ترتيب المعلومات المتجانسة في أبواب محددة. أبرز ممثليه هو ابن قتيبة في كتابه 'عيون الأخبار'.

  3. ما هي الانتقادات التي يمكن توجيهها للبحث؟

    يمكن انتقاد البحث لتركيزه الكبير على الجاحظ وابن قتيبة والمبرد، وعدم تقديمه تحليلاً عميقاً للأسباب الاجتماعية والسياسية التي أدت إلى تفضيل منهج على آخر، وعدم مقارنته بالمناهج الأدبية في الثقافات الأخرى.

  4. كيف يختلف كتاب 'الكامل' للمبرد عن منهج التصنيف والتبويب؟

    رغم تقسيم كتاب 'الكامل' للمبرد إلى أبواب، إلا أنه لم يتبع منهج التصنيف بشكل كامل وكان تقسيمه شكلياً فقط، مما يجعله يختلف عن منهج التصنيف والتبويب.


References used
ابن خلدون, المقدمة, منشورات مؤسسة الأعلمي للمطبوعات, بيروت.
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