Mamluk administration in Aleppo in the ninth century AH / fifteenth century AD (the case of Banu Saffah)

Aleppo has enjoyed great importance in the age of the Mamluk Empirecircassian because of the importance of its geographical location on the northern border of the state Mamluk. Aleppo was an administrative point of central authority in the city of Cairo. This study aims to demonstrate the military and civilian administrative functions, which are found in the city, and groups that have held these jobs. In addition to addressing possible means in order to get, a job in this age.

Foreign Military Bases and humanitarian rights after September 11th attacks with A special reference to Guantanamo Base

After September 11th attacks, the USA launched its so called war on terrorism using a number of legal and illegal means. Governmental and non-governmental reports of international organizations have indicated that American military bases have been used as incarceration and military court sites. Guantanamo is one of the most important American military base used in the war against terrorism. Other military bases throughout the world, such as Bagram base in Afghanistan, have been used for activities which exceed their traditional military objectives. These bases have experienced violations of human rights and international humanitarian laws. Military bases have been converted into incarceration and torture centerswhich witness serious violations of the international rights of prisoners. Prisoners have been deprived of their simplest legitimate rights. Such violations have been criticized by a number of regional and international organizations, which pressured the American government to announce its decision to close Guantanamo.