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Register a new userImplementing a Control and Supervisory System for Traffic Lights Using PLC and SCADA System
بناء نظام تحكم و مراقبة بإشارات المرور باستخدام المتحكم PLC و نظام التحكم الإشرافي SCADA
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نواجه في حياتنا اليومية مشكلة الاختناقات المرورية و ما يترتب على ذلك من ضياع في الوقت و الطاقات، حيث تعمل إشارات المرور وفقاً لأنظمة التحكم التقليدي لعقدة مرورية بأزمنة ثابتة و تتابع ثابت. يقترح البحث خوارزمية جديدة للتحكم المبرمج بإشارات المرور، حيث تعمل بأزمنة متغيرة و تتابع متغير حسب حجم الكثافة المرورية. يتم تحصيل بيانات الحركة المرورية (عدد السيارات – الكثافة - التدفق) باستخدام الحساسات الحلقية (Loop Detectors) الموزعة عند كل إشارة، تُنقل هذه البيانات إلى المتحكم المنطقي القابل للبرمجة PLC الذي يقوم بمعالجتها و إصدار الأوامر اللازمة، و يتصل المتحكم بدوره مع نظام التحكم الإشرافي SCADA الذي يؤمن إمكانية مراقبة سير العمل للعقد المرورية، إضافة إلى إمكانية التحكم الأوتوماتيكي و التحكم اليدوي بالإشارات. يقوم النظام المقترح بالربط بين عقدتين عن طريق تطبيق خاصية الموجة الخضراء (Green Wave) بالاعتماد على السرعة الفعلية للسيارات، و إعطاء أولوية المرور لسيارات الطوارئ التي يتم الكشف عنها باستخدام الحساس الحلقي و مقاطعة عمل البرنامج بشكل فوري لفتح الإشارة المطلوبة. تم اختبار نظام التحكم و المراقبة المقترح من خلال أخذ بيانات عقدة مرورية تعمل في نظام التحكم التقليدي و مقارنتها بالنتائج التي يعطيها البرنامج، و قد أظهرت النتائج أنه تم تقليل أزمنة فتح الإشارات، و زمن الدورة الكلية، و زمن الانتظار غير المرغوب به على كل إشارة بشكل كبير، و بالتالي تم تخفيض حجم الاختناقات المرورية عند كل عقدة.
Traffic jam is a serious problem in our life, it causes waste of time and energy, conventional traffic light control system works with a fixed time and fixed cycle. This paper proposes an intelligent traffic light control system with a changeable green time and cycle depending on traffic density. Traffic parameters (cars’ numbers, density, flow) are collected by Loop Detectors located at each traffic signal, this data will be transmitted to the PLC controller then, PLC processes this data to produce controlling commands, it is also connected to a SCADA system which supervises the process and provides an automatic and manual control. The proposal system applies Green Wave method to connect between two junctions based on a real car velocity and sets priority for emergency car, when Loop Detector detects this car the program will be interrupted to open the traffic light needed. This intelligent system is experimented with conventional control system s’ data the obtained result is promising, it can reduce the green time, cycle time, and delayed time of each car at traffic light to its’ minimum value.
References used
Kalapoef, A.R. ; Nofekfe, F. ”Transportation and Pollution”. Doklady Earth Sciences. Russia. Vol. 437, No 186, , 2010, p 513-520
Mclean, V. ”Traffic Detector Handbook”. Third Edition, Volume 1, US Department of Transportation-Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-HRT-06-108, US, 2006, 291
Ehlert, A. & et al, “The optimization of traffic count locations in road networks”, Transportation Research Part B, US. Vol. 40 , No.32 , 2006, p 460–479
Kittelson, A. ”Signal Timing Manual” ,Third Edition, Siemens ITS-U.S Department of Transportation-Federal Highway Administration, FHWA-HOP-08-204, US, 2008, 274
Cosma, R. “Self-organizing traffic lights”, PhD Thesis, Wisconsin University at Madison, Us, 2006, P 15-32
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