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The Effect of Chronic Cigarette Smoking on FEV1, FEF25-75 And their Role in Early Detecting of COPD

تأثير التدخين المزمن للسجائر على حجم الزفير الأقصى في الثانية الأولى (FEV1) و الجريان الزفيري الأعظمي الأوسطي بين 25-75% من السعة الحيوية (FEF25-75 ) و دورهما في التحري الباكر عن الداء الرئوي الساد المزمن

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 Publication date 2013
  fields Medicine
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This study is conducted to assess the the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on FEV1,FEF25-75 and their role in early detecting of COPD. Subjects aged 40 years or older and who smoke 10 packs per year or more (n=110) were selected, the smoking histories of these subjects were investigated using a self-reported questionnaire, there were 5 smokers with restrictive disease, these patients were removed because they should be referred for further lung function, Percent predicted values of measured spirometric parameters of( FEV1, FEF25-75 ) decreased significantly with increasing pack-years (p-value <0.05 for male and female ) and there was an increasing in chronic respiratory symptoms frequency, so these Indices decrease must be considered as high risk to develop COPD. According to the interpretation of spirometric results %63 smokers had normal spirometry while 37% smokers had confirmed COPD using (GOLD) severity criteria, smokers having COPD (87% male and 13% female ),these patient were divided into grades I ( 6.66%), II(17.14%), III(11.42%), IV( 1.9%).

References used
(Who Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011. (www.who.int/ar/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking-attributable, mortality years of potential life lost, and productivity losses--United States, 2000-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep2008;57:1226
US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Center for Disease Control, Washington 2004. CDC Publication No. 7829
(A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease (www.surgeongener al.gov
Tobacco Atlas by WHO: Dr. Julith, Mackay Eriksen; 2002.5
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COPD is a major public health problem , and it results with an extensive social and economical burden on both the patient and his family on one hand and the healthcare system on the other . Despite the great advances in the management of patients w ith COPD , the use of the optimal treatment of the proposed treatment options is still being discussed , and Must achieve greater benefit for both patients and the healthcare system . This research is designed to study and compare the effect of the combination (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide) with the effect of salbutamol alone in the treatment of patients with stable COPD , by studying and comparing the improvement in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and in forced vital capacity ( FVC) after a month of a treatment . The study included 80 patients (53 males and 27 females), the patients were between 45-81 years of age , 63 patients were smokers and 17 were nonsmokers. The study showed that after a month on therapy , for patients treated with the combination (salbutamol + ipratropium bromide) the increasing in FEV1 was 0.35 liters and in FVC was 0.61-liter , while , for the patients treated with salbutamol alone , the increasing in FEV1 was 0.28 liters and FVC was 0.48-liter . We concluded that a combination of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol is more effective at improving pulmonary function than salbutamol alone.
إن السورات الحادة للداء الرئوي الساد المزمن سبب مهم للاستشفاء في قسم العناية المشددة و تترافق مع معدل وفيات أثناء الاستشفاء قد يصل لأكثر من 25%, و قد أحدثت التهوية غير الغازية ثورة في تدبير ها من حيث تقليل الحاجة للتنبيب الرغامي و التهوية الميكانيكي ة و إنقاص معدل الوفيات أثناء الاستشفاء, و كذلك مدة استشفاء المريض في قسم العناية المشددة. و ما لذلك كله من فائدة اقتصادية . إن هذه الدراسة دراسة راجعة أجريت على المرضى الذين تم استشفاؤهم خلال عامي 2011 - 2010 في قسم العناية المشددة في مشفى الأسد الجامعي باللاذقية بسبب سورة حادة للداء الرئوي الساد المزمن مترافقة مع حماض تنفسيPH<7 .35 7.25<و احتباس PCO2>45mmHg CO2. شملت الدراسة 25مريضاً (عدد الذكور 15, و 10 إناث ) كان متوسط عمر المرضى 64 سنة, تمت دراستهم ضمن مجموعتين: 15 مريضاً عولجوا بالعلاج الطبي التقليدي فقط, بينما تم تطبيق التهوية غير الغازية لدى 10 مرضى حيث استخدم نمط المساعدة الشهيقية AI عبر قناع وجهي إضافة للعلاج الطبي. جاءت النتائج على الشكل التالي: ترافق تطبيق التهوية غير الغازية مع انخفاض واضح في الحاجة للتنبيب الرغامي و التهوية الميكانيكية (10% هنا أي في مجموعة التهوية غير الغازية مقابل 26.6% لدى مجموعة العلاج الطبي, (مع معدل وفيات أثناء الاستشفاء أقل) 10%في مجموعة التهوية غير الغازية مقابل 20% عند المرضى الذين عولجوا بالطريقة التقليدية فقط, أما متوسط مدة استشفاء المرضى في قسم العناية المشددة فكانت 7أيام عند مرضى التهوية غير الغازية و 9 أيام في مجموعة العلاج الطبي.
The role of Interleukin-1 genes in the association between chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis has been under debate. The purpose of this study is to compare the existence of interleukin1 genes polymorphism in the chronic periodontitis subjects with and without atherosclerosis.
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease, characterized by gingivitis, and affecting tooth supporting tissues, forming periodontal pockets with associated attachment loss, alveolar bone resorption. It is common in adults, but can also occur at any age. The rate of disease progression may be influenced by local, systemic conditions, and/or environmental factors that alter the normal host response to bacterial plaque, and affect the susceptibility to disease.It is suggested that periodontitis is partially associated by genetic factors, that many genes are involved in inflammation susceptibility, mainly include the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene that is implicated in bone metabolism and the host immune response. 80 Syrian subjects were recruited for vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism study, and allocated in two groups: 50 diagnosed with CP and mean age was (64 ± 0.722) years, 30 matched controls. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells, and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) by using FokI enzyme. By using Chi square test, no significant differences were found between the study groups in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes at FokI position of VDR gene, age and sex. These findings suggest that the investigated factors are not associated with periodontal disease in this studied sample of Syrian population.
Khat chewing is a deep-rooted habit in Yemen. It has many negative impacts on different body systems. The spread of khat chewing among adult males in Yemeni society needs special attention. Cathinone and cathine are the most stimulants of khat ing redients. Other ingredients could have other implication such as gastrointestinal carcinogenic tannins. the aim of this study is to Investigate chronic khatchewing effects on oral mucosa and the role of concurrent smoking.

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