The effect of diabetes mellitus type II on pulmonary function

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a leading public health problem with increasing incidence and long term complications. These complications are mainly a consequence of macro-vascular and microvascular damages of the target organs. The incidence of several pulmonary abnormalities during the course of Diabetes Mellitus because the presence of an extensive microvascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs , raises the possibility that lung tissue may be a target organ in diabetic patients. Objectives: This research is designed to study the impact of DM and both the duration of the disease and the glycemic control on pulmonary function tests. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 75 patients with type II diabetes mellitus patients at Tishreen University Hospital in the period between October 2015 and October 2016 .We compared with a control group consisted of 75 non diabetic healthy persons . Measurement of HbA1C , fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , and spirometry were made to all subjects and the following pulmonary function parameters were recorded: Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Forced Expiratory Volume percent (FEV1/ FVC%) . Results were analyzed by calculating Mean ± SD, using X2 test , Karl Pearson correlation and ANOVA test. Results: The mean FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% values were low in diabetics (p value <0.05) compared to healthy non-diabetics (control group). Also, uncontrolled diabetics show a greater decrease in these values than controlled diabetics. There was a greater decrease in these values in patients with long period of disease . Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that, the lung is a target organ for damage in DM and diabetics show a decrease in PFTs with a restrictive pattern lesion compared with non-diabetics . And this deterioration is exaggerated in uncontrolled diabetics and with the long duration of DM .

Compare of the effect of (salbutamol-ipratropium bromide) with the effect of salbutamol alone in the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is a major public health problem , and it results with an extensive social and economical burden on both the patient and his family on one hand and the healthcare system on the other . Despite the great advances in the management of patients with COPD , the use of the optimal treatment of the proposed treatment options is still being discussed , and Must achieve greater benefit for both patients and the healthcare system . This research is designed to study and compare the effect of the combination (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide) with the effect of salbutamol alone in the treatment of patients with stable COPD , by studying and comparing the improvement in the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and in forced vital capacity ( FVC) after a month of a treatment . The study included 80 patients (53 males and 27 females), the patients were between 45-81 years of age , 63 patients were smokers and 17 were nonsmokers. The study showed that after a month on therapy , for patients treated with the combination (salbutamol + ipratropium bromide) the increasing in FEV1 was 0.35 liters and in FVC was 0.61-liter , while , for the patients treated with salbutamol alone , the increasing in FEV1 was 0.28 liters and FVC was 0.48-liter . We concluded that a combination of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol is more effective at improving pulmonary function than salbutamol alone.