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George Santyana's Materialism

المادية عند جورج سانتيانا

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 Publication date 2014
  fields Literature
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Santyana's writings call repeated attention to the ultimate significance which form possesses for experience in giving meaning and value to our activities. Unless a man is interested in the characters which things have or might have, he can hardly be said to live at all, in any morally significant sense. One strain of Santyana's thought, consists of a combination of materialism in metaphysics, humanism in morals, and realistic methodology in the theory of knowledge. These doctrine receive dominate expression in the works of the middle period, especially in his book (The life of Reason). In this essay we will try to illustrate Santyana's materialism tendency, especially in the book (The life of Reason), and we will try to prove that his materialism was not of the myopic sort which believes that the material existence were the sole reality.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تستدعي كتابات جورج سانتيانا الانتباه على نحو متكرر إلى المغزى والمعنى النهائي لدى المثال والصورة بالنسبة لتجربة الإنسان من حيث إعطاء معنى وقيمة لنشاطاتنا. إذا لم يكن الإنسان مهتماً بخواص الأشياء، فمن الصعب القول إنه يعيش بأي معنى أخلاقي هام. يتميز فكر سانتيانا بمزيج من اتحاد الطبيعة مع الميتافيزيقا، والإنسانية مع الأخلاق، والواقعية مع نظرية المعرفة. هيمنت هذه المذاهب على مؤلفاته في المرحلة المتوسطة من حياته، خاصة في كتابه "حياة العقل". في هذا البحث، نحاول دراسة النزعة المادية وتوضيحها من خلال نصوص سانتيانا في كتابه "حياة العقل"، ونبين أن ماديته لم تكن من النوع القصير النظر الذي يؤمن بأن الموجودات المادية هي الحقيقة الواقعية الوحيدة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من الجهد الكبير الذي بذله الدكتور محمد فرحة في تحليل فلسفة جورج سانتيانا، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن أن تكون موضع نقد. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم مقارنة أوسع بين فلسفة سانتيانا وفلاسفة آخرين في نفس الفترة الزمنية لتوضيح مدى تفرده أو تشابهه مع الآخرين. ثانياً، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تم تضمين المزيد من الأمثلة العملية التي توضح تطبيقات فلسفة سانتيانا في الحياة اليومية. وأخيراً، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم تحليل نقدي أكثر تعمقاً حول تأثير فلسفة سانتيانا على الفلسفة الحديثة والمعاصرة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي العناصر الأساسية في فلسفة جورج سانتيانا كما تم توضيحها في البحث؟

    تتضمن فلسفة سانتيانا مزيجاً من اتحاد الطبيعة مع الميتافيزيقا، والإنسانية مع الأخلاق، والواقعية مع نظرية المعرفة.

  2. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من دراسة النزعة المادية عند جورج سانتيانا في هذا البحث؟

    الهدف هو توضيح أن مادية سانتيانا لم تكن من النوع القصير النظر الذي يؤمن بأن الموجودات المادية هي الحقيقة الواقعية الوحيدة.

  3. كيف يميز سانتيانا بين الجوهر والوجود في فلسفته؟

    يرى سانتيانا أن الجوهر يتضمن الأفكار والمعاني والتصورات، بينما الوجود يشمل الثابت والأحداث والأنباء التي نتعامل معها في الحياة.

  4. ما هي أهمية كتاب 'حياة العقل' في فلسفة جورج سانتيانا؟

    يعتبر كتاب 'حياة العقل' من أهم مؤلفات سانتيانا، حيث يعبر عن فلسفته المادية بشكل منهجي واضح وصريح، ويقدم بديلاً هاماً أمام المثالية المختصرة والمادية الضعيفة.

Keywords

References used
Audi, Robert. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge university press, 1995
P.A. Schilpp, The Philosophy of George Santayana, Northwestern University Press, 1940
Santayana, George. The Realms Of Being, Vol. 2: The Realm of Matter, New York Scribner, 1930
Santayana. George. "Life of Reason", Vol. 1: Reason in common sense, New York: Scribner, 1933-1936
The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy, Published in the University of California Chronicle, Vol. 13,No.4, 1911
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