A 2D numerical analysis by using the Finite Elements Method of the Modeling Methods of Closed Shield Tunneling and the Surface Subsidence induced by that

In this paper, the modeling methods of tunneling and the surface subsidence induced by that have been studied by using two-dimensional numerical analysis according to the FEM method, assuming the green field condition، which means that there is no load on the soil surface above the tunnel. A FE study was conducted in which an elasto-plastic constitutive model was adopted to model the soil behavior (HS, HSsmall). This article includes a comparison between the results of numerical analysis and field measurements to executed projects، and a suggested method for modeling tunnel excavation and surface subsidence induced by that.

The combination of singular solutions of infinite micropolar elastic body with axisymetric state of elastic strain and subjected to temprrature field

This paper concerns the mathematical, linear model of micropolar elastic, homogeneous and isotropic body, of axisymetric state of small deformations, in the frame of the linear theory of micropolar elasticity with six material constants . In the paper, first we introduce the dynamic displacements-rotation-temperature equations for the considerable body in the axisymetric state of small deformation , subjected to temperature field.

Study Creep Settlement on Clayey Soils Treatment with Calcium Chloride

This research aims to study the deformations creep in clayey soils treatment with calcium chloride. Creep experiments were carried out on samples of soil was added with different ratios of calcium chloride compound, was measured deformations with time and monitor the impact of the proportion of calcium chloride added to the soil to these deformations.

Finite Element Modelingof the Ground Surface Deformations induced by shallow Tunnels in Soft Ground

In this paper, ground surface settlement induced by tunneling have been studied using 2D finite element analysis. By assuming greenfield conditions, which means that there is no loads on the soil surface above the tunnel. A FE study was conducted in which an elasto-plastic constitutive model was adopted to model the soil behavior (MC,HS). This paper include Comparison between actual field measurements with (FEM) results, and parametric study for the most factors that influence ground surface settlement.

Effect of control points on the non-parametric method for geometric deformations correction in close range images

There are many sources that cause the emergence of geometric deformations in close range images. These deformations are accumulated and not present singly in the image. Therefore, it is necessary to rectify (correct) the image before extracting geometric or semantic data from it. Two methods are available to rectify the close range images. These ones are the parametric and the non-parametric methods. Non-parametric approach does not require knowledge of the parameters of the used camera. Control points and geometric transformations are considered as the two main components in the non-parametric approach. Usually, barrel and perspective deformations are present in close range images. In this paper, we will study the impact of the distribution of control points and the degree of geometric transformation on the correction of the image of these deformations. The test was performed using a close range image of a historical façade. This image was exposed to previous deformations by simulation. The goal is to investigate the effect of the distribution of control points and on the effectiveness of global (linear) and local transformations used to rectify the close range images. It has been demonstrated that the control points located in different parts of the image have different deformation rates, the control points distributed in the center of the image suffers less deformations, and local transformations give the best results when rectifying images with complex deformations.

Effect Of Drawing And Recrystallization Processes Parameters On The Deformation Of Copper Wire Cross Section

The copper wire drawing is one of cold forming operations which basicly the copper is used as pure material for various diameters & sections in electrical conductors industry. By cooperation with S.M.C company for cables industry in Damascus – Syria, a research has been done during 2 years on rod breakdown heavy drawing machine -HENRICH - GERMANY- 2 lines- with max productivity 25 ton/24hr. 50 samples of copper wire breaks and deformations have been studied & analyzed, thus the defects are classified in main statistics diagrams in gold of give main instructions that contribute in raising the quality level of local copper wire manufacturing & giving a whole view about this industry.

Studying the Influence of the Distribution of Carbon Rods in the Sections of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Hybrid Reinforcement on their Flexural Behavior

The mixed use of steel bars and carbon rods in concrete beams can offer beams with different behaviour from that of steel reinforcement only. This paper studies the case of reinforcing concrete beams with two layers of bars, and the main para­meters investigated are the proportion and the distribution of carbon rods in the cross-section. Four groups containing 12 beams are tested, and each is reinforced with 4 bars located in two layers. The first group includes three control beams reinforced with steel bars, while the second includes three beams reinforced with carbon bars. Each of the third and fourth groups includes three beams reinforced with two steel bars and two carbon bars, whereas in the third group, steel bars are located above carbon ones, but in the fourth group, steel bars are located under carbon ones. Concrete beams reinforced with carbon rods in the second group exhibit a higher load carrying capacity and deflections, compared with other beams. However, the beams in the third and fourth groups have approximately the same load carrying capacity and the same behaviour up to the load level equal to 75% of their load carrying capacity. But after that, the beams in the fourth group become more deformed, compared with those of the third group.