This work presents a novel four-stage open-domain QA pipeline R2-D2 (Rank twice, reaD twice). The pipeline is composed of a retriever, passage reranker, extractive reader, generative reader and a mechanism that aggregates the final prediction from al
l system's components. We demonstrate its strength across three open-domain QA datasets: NaturalQuestions, TriviaQA and EfficientQA, surpassing state-of-the-art on the first two. Our analysis demonstrates that: (i) combining extractive and generative reader yields absolute improvements up to 5 exact match and it is at least twice as effective as the posterior averaging ensemble of the same models with different parameters, (ii) the extractive reader with fewer parameters can match the performance of the generative reader on extractive QA datasets.
The training of NLP models often requires large amounts of labelled training data, which makes it difficult to expand existing models to new languages. While zero-shot cross-lingual transfer relies on multilingual word embeddings to apply a model tra
ined on one language to another, Yarowski and Ngai (2001) propose the method of annotation projection to generate training data without manual annotation. This method was successfully used for the tasks of named entity recognition and coarse-grained entity typing, but we show that it is outperformed by zero-shot cross-lingual transfer when applied to the similar task of fine-grained entity typing. In our study of fine-grained entity typing with the FIGER type ontology for German, we show that annotation projection amplifies the English model's tendency to underpredict level 2 labels and is beaten by zero-shot cross-lingual transfer on three novel test sets.
In this work, we present a method for content selection and document planning for automated news and report generation from structured statistical data such as that offered by the European Union's statistical agency, EuroStat. The method is driven by
the data and is highly topic-independent within the statistical dataset domain. As our approach is not based on machine learning, it is suitable for introducing news automation to the wide variety of domains where no training data is available. As such, it is suitable as a low-cost (in terms of implementation effort) baseline for document structuring prior to introduction of domain-specific knowledge.
GPS technology considers the essential tool for establishing geodetic networks.
Static method of GPS is used often in observing geodetic network points. Establishing
geodetic networks using GPS requires accuracy, consistency and economency.
This p
aper discusses influence of observation mode and number of GPS receivers in
accuracy of calculating of coordinates of points. Coordinates of network points are
clculated using tow and three GPS receivers and with diferent methods like radial, traverse,
network.
Comparison between coordinates for network points obtained by several cases is
performed. The differences between coordinates indicate accuracy of network method in
calculating coordinates when three or more receivers are avlible. When tow receivers are
avilable the radial method is the best in accuracy and consistency.
Marine sources are of the important sources of coastal States, where a significant
portion of its economy is tied to people who earn their living from these sources [4]. After
the discovery of mineral and hydrocarbons ores at the seabed, and also b
ecause of the
disputes between States on fishing regions, it became necessary for some States to
reconsider their idea regarding maritime boundaries and open the disputed files with
neighboring States even it is over a small area, to demand re-delimitation of their maritime
boundaries, even if it required the intervention of the International Court of Justice. In this
research a way is purposed to draw he coast line by using Google Earth detailed photos for
the derivation of Lattakia coast baseline and studying its various special issues. The search
has found good results in identifying those lines allowing full generalization on the Syrian
coast, and also allowing for subsequent research linked to those lines.
