An in vitro Essay of effect a local isolate of the fungus Trichderma harzianum in inhibition growth of the fungus Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease on tomato

The research was conducted to study an efficacy of the fungus Trichoderma harzianumin controlling the gray mold disease on tomato that causing by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. A local isolate of the fungus T. harzianum was studied under laboratory conditions using two methods: antagonism and the spore suspension.

Larvacidal activity of essential oils of Lavandula Angustifolia L. against Tribolium castaneum

Efficiency of dried leaves’s essential oil English lavender lavandula angustifolia L. against (12-14 day) old larvae of Tribolium castaneum was examined as fumigant under laboratory conditions, Five concentration of essential oil was Tested.

Study and Determination of the Most Important Biological Parameters of the Predator, Nephus includens Kirch and Comparison with Parameters of the Famous Introduced Predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant and the local predator, Nephus includens Kirch were reared on the Planococcus citri Risso in Lattakia Insectary for Rearing Natural Enemies. A comparative study was done applying the most important biological parameters (Predation rate, life cycle, longevity, starvation tolerance, fecundity, sex ratio, adult emergence) for both predators under laboratory conditions. Research results proved the overpass of that predation rate of C. montro- uzieri males and females, was greater than that of males and females of N. includens, by three folds with significant differences. Similarly the perdition rate of the third instar, in first predator over passed three times the rate of the second predator, with significant differences reaching 10.53± 2.41, 30.87±3.76 nymphs (second nymphal instars)/day. The results proved a significant rise of fecundity index in females of C. monrtouzieri over that of predator, N. includens by 1.8 times (50.70±13.63, and 107.3±14.87, respectively), while both predators were equal in values of other biological parameters with no significant differences (biological development stages, longevity of males and females, adults emergence and sex ratio).

Primary field release of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Trichogrammatidae, Hymenoptera) as a part of biological control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) at As-Sweida, Southern Syria

A trial to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., by releasing the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal, was conducted for the first time at Syria in Al-Sweida Mountains, ٢٠٠١. This experiment was carried out in a young commercial apple orchard in Jabal Urman, Sweida. T. cacoeciae (Sy٢ strain) was released two times at a rate of ١٥٠ parasitoids/ tree/ release. Efficacy in reduction of fruit damage was ٣٤,٣٧٪ comparing with untreated one. Results showed that ٢ applications of this rate at the second generation were not efficient to prevent damage above the economic threshold but it could be used as a part of an integrated pest management program of this pest. Several factors that affect Trichogramma efficacy in the field are discussed.