In vivo Comparative Study to Evaluate the Healing after Apicectomy by Using Two Different Techniques

The aim of this study is to evaluate the healing after apicectomy by using two different techniques. And to evaluate the effect of MTA as a retrograde filling material and also the Er:YAG laser as a tool for resecting the apex, and the influence of them in the healing.

Evaluation of temperature rise on the external root surface during the removel of separated instruments from the root broken instruments from root canals using ultrasonic tips (in vitro study)

Ultrasonic Tips is considered one of the common tool used in the management of separated instruments in the root canal, . , this research aimed to evaluate the temperature rise of the outer surface of the root when using ultrasonic tips to remove separated instruments from mesiobuccal canal of the lower molars.