Evaluation of temperature rise on the external root surface during the removel of separated instruments from the root broken instruments from root canals using ultrasonic tips (in vitro study)

Ultrasonic Tips is considered one of the common tool used in the management of separated instruments in the root canal, . , this research aimed to evaluate the temperature rise of the outer surface of the root when using ultrasonic tips to remove separated instruments from mesiobuccal canal of the lower molars.