The alternatives of financing development process in Syria

In previous years, the Government depended on deficit financing system, which inflame the inflation in Syrian economy. In view of negative results which result from that, We -in our research- have put an frame to determinate all financing alternatives otherwise deficit financing system. Looking for alternatives to finance development process, on the first side decreases the load on public budget, as it decreases the using of foreign loans, or withdraw the money from the central bank (deficit financing),and on the other side it attains the partnership principle with the privet sector in financing the development process in the country. We demonstrate the position of traditional and islamic economy from using deficit financing system, and illustration the deferent available alternatives of financing, and their positives and negatives, and which we recommend to reliance on to financing development process.

Financial feasibility study and Legislations of the investments in the toll roads according to (public-private-partnership) (P.P.P) in Syria

This research Paper includes a realistic vision of the possibility of Depending on (Public-Private-Partnership) (P.P.P) as an effective element of investment in the construction of (Toll Road). The research included a study of the current central road network and plans through the aspirations of the Ministry of Transport in Syria, according to the legitimate and economic trends and that will make the Private sector as a partner in infrastructure projects, including road network in Syria. The essential objective of the research is to complete what was done previously by the Ministry of Transport through (economic feasibility study of highway projects Based on B.O.T system in Syria) and detailed search in the legislative and legal framework, which is expected to be issued to cover the legal side of this mega-project which will be done according to (Public-Private-Partnership) (P.P.P), furthermore it will be the major support to the Syrian economic wheel after the current crises and studying the profits of the proposed project to investment which is a freeway from northern Syria to the south and the other one from eastern Syria to the west, an indication of the results and recommendations display.

Participatory Urban Planning and Design - Lessons Learnt from Germany for Post-War Urbanism in Syria

This paper deals with participatory decision making and planning processes. It critically looks at methods and tools that are practiced currently in Germany and in particular in the city of Berlin, where the author has close relationship to and has studied in depth the Berlin experience made during the past decades. The process of public involvement that started in the 1970ies in Berlin and in the Federal Republic of Germany (BRD) is going to be monitored continiously. Focus is laid on the discourse on whom and how when to involve. Meanwhile the city of Berlin has developed a handbook on public participation that is briefly presented and assessed in this paper. Selected best practice cases where certain tools have been successfully applied in Berlin will be presented and analysed. This paper is meant to enlarge the knowledge about state of the art dicourse on participatory urban planning, design and implementation and gives a brief outlook on replicability of instruments for participatory urban planning and design in the Syrian context.

The Role of the Public-Private Partnership on Development and rehabilitation of electricity sector in Syria

This research introduce the public-private partnership (PPP), by determine the difference between the types of PPP contracts, and lighting on the most important experiences of main countries to identify responsibilities of each part of contract. In order to study the possibility of using PPP in Syria, within the crisis since (2011). To afford additional resources of funding, to improve the development process of infrastructure projects, especially projects that related to the energy sector, specifically electricity sector. The electricity sector is one of the most sectors exposed to destruction, and it was the first goal of any sabotage carried out by terrorists. this sector suffering by is more than 430 billion Syrian pounds loses, since the start of the crisis until the end of 2015, and this amount is nominated to rise by the time according to many reasons, one of this reasons is exchange rates fluctuations risk. The amount ofdamages is very huge number, comparison to the size of funds that dedicated by the government to finance investment. On the other hand, there is a serious need to additional resources of funding, to finance the development and rehabilitation process of infrastructure projects. Therefore, could the PPP provide these resources? That is what the research is looking for.