Operating the electrical power systems at normal conditions is our goal always. This
is what represents the ideal state of electrical power system work. Hence, the electrical
power system work in case of insufficient electrical power requires avoid
ing since it leads
to big losses in national economy.
These losses could be huge when we talk about connection borders between systems
as per overload frame, because of lack of electrical power request. The impact of these
conditions could be noticeably decreased at a reasonable limit of electrical power request.
When we find out the optimal solution of electrical power systems operation and the
communication lines between them while considering the losses of consumers
disconnecting that guarantee the stability of loads. Finally, it is so at full use of maneuver
(available cases) spare power properties when applying the instant correction of regime.
This paper studies the basic approach to solve these issues which imply the reliability
definitions.
A common challenge in designing a wireless system is to overcome
the effects of the wireless channel, such as multi-path propagation,
and Inter-symbol Interference. and the ability of OFDM to combat
the effects of multi-path propagation made it th
e modulation of
choice for third and fourth generation networks.
In OFDM system we transmit data symbols on a large number of
subcarriers, and these data symbols exposed to changes in
amplitude and phase, caused of noise and frequency selective
fading and Doppler shift .
To get the transmitted data at the receiver we must cope with these
changes, so we need to know the channel response at every
subcarrier and every symbol, and for that reason we use PILOTS
and we use many methods to estimate the channel response depend
on pilots, and the most important channel is LMMSE Method.
We will discuss in these issue the wiener filtering method
(LMMSE) which give best performance but it is very complicated,
so we will use Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to reduce the
complexity of these method and we will study the BER and MSE in
both case when we use QPSK or 16QAM Modulation .
One popular heat transfer augmentation technique involves the use
of rough surfaces of different configurations. The rough surface
aims to promote surface turbulence that is intended mainly to
increase the heat transfer coefficient and surface are
a. It was
reported that non-flat surfaces have free convection coefficients
that arrive to 50% to 100% more than those of flat surfaces.
The goal of this study aims mainly to examine heat transfer
enhancement from a surface with same industrial roughness created
by a special tool (roughness surfaces) with different shapes under
convection heat transfer compared to equivalent smooth surfaces
without deformations.
The results show there is no need to apply the different roughness
configurations in two mutually perpendicular directions. It's enough
to cause it only in one plane. And we have got the same win in
surface area.
The results show also the rectangular profiles of roughness give the
best result.
In this paper, A random modeling has been performed for
gyroscopes' components noise in unit measurements inertial
Crossbow IMU400CD MEMS by Alan Variance. Three random
components were discriminated in the noise sensors in addition to
the estimat
ed coefficients of these components, while the technical
bulletin did not mention but one component. Knowing the random
noise type gives the ability to use it as an output component of the
navigational system; estimating it with the navigation support
means such as GPS or magnetic compass or ... etc. enables to
correct gyroscopes out.
Inertial sensors Gyroscopes are gaining nowadays more and
more research interest in a variety of transport fields (i. e. land, sea
and air). Recent efforts are going towards developing those
traditional electromechanical models to electronic manufacturer
microenvironment technology called Micro Electro Mechanical
System (MEMS).
But in return MEMS gyroscopes suffer precision low when
compared to other types as a result of errors, many appear on the
output of particular random errors that can't be deleted
methodologies calibration known, so it is classified as a type of
noise or random processes where they are modeled using random
modeling techniques stochastic Modeling to identify and
distinguish types of noise in the sensor output. Among the most
famous of these techniques mode Allan Variance (AV).
The decision-making process is the most important topics of
operations research, which offers methods and tools to assist
decision makers in reaching resolution.
Research overture applied and analytic study for decision making
state in production
workshops whose belong estimation of optimal production size and overture mathematical model for production plan by dependence on Input – Output table for constraint production size in every workshop and coordination between internal demand, market, and production plan for solve recession problem and estimation of plan profits.
Research eventuates to results overture Input – Output table model practicable in any production unit.
The main objective of this paper is to verify the difference between water - steam properties obtained from Vukalovich tables (1940) and these obtained by IAPWS-IF97 model. Vukalovich tables are used as the main reference at Damascus University – Fac
ulty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering – to acquire water and steam parameters used for vapor power cycles (Rankine Cycle). The last revised release on IAPWS-IF97 (International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam of the Industrial Formulation 1997) was in 2012. IAPWS members are United States of American, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Britain, Ireland, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy,
Switzerland (associate member) Japan, and Russia.
Keeping the voltage within the required limits is one of the key issues of operating a power system. since the voltage in electrical power system is affected significantly by changes of loads and
equivalent circuit of the power system, there is a ne
ed to regulate the voltage with high control ability. Because of the growing use of FACTS in General and STATCOM among them in power systems to improve voltage stability, and because of the need for software that is not always available, the aim of research is to develop a mathematical model, algorithm and software for load flow analysis at the steady state of power system includes static synchronous compensator STATCOM.
The Jacobian matrix in the Newton –Raphson algorithm, which is the relationship between voltage and power mismatches, is extended with the STATCOM variables to adjust the voltage and control of the reactive power witch is injected or absorbed at the point of common coupling, with high controlability.
A Complete software has been developed that includes comprehensive control facilities and exhibits very strong convergence characteristics. A Sophisticated algorithm has been verified and the effectiveness of the program is tested by its application to a number of standard power systems
including the IEEE 5-bus system, and Syrian transmission network 400 kV.
The polluted insulators problem is one of the most important cases, that faces the electrical networks especially in Syrian Arab Republic because the sources of pollution expand more and more, On the other side, the electrical power supply is related
to the operation of all commercial and daily sectors.
The environmental pollution on the insulators generally causes general breakdowns in the electrical power supply networks of wide areas, This makes great economical losses in all sectors that are related to electrical network.
In this research, the distinct values of insulators pollutions are defined. We then find the relationship between the mentioned values and flashover voltage of polluted insulators in the laboratory. The results of the tests apply on the natural polluted insulators in the outsides. Finally, comparison measurements are made on naturally polluted insulators, and the appropriated procedures to limit the pollution effects .
Nowadays, wireless networks are spreading more and more. The majority of installed networks have become wireless due to the simplicity of installation; where they do not need an infrastructure. This does not mean that the role of the wired networks i
s being eliminated. Instead, the wireless networks
are considered as a complementary of the wired networks. With all types of networks from personal and local area networks (PAN and LAN) to wide area networks (WAN) especially the Internet,
research has become oriented to focus on the quality of service (QoS) and the integration among all these networks taking into account the Internet which is considered as the backbone for each network that wants to exchange the information with any other network all over the world. In our research, we take into account the quality of service in the broadband networks such as the WiMax network (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) with IEEE 802.16e standard which covers cities and supports the mobility. This network can be used to interconnect the rural zones with the center of cities, this kind is called point-to-point, or it can be used to cover the cities and is called point-tomultipoint,
The last one is used to interconnect different wireless networks especially the local one which has infrastructure (Wi-fi: Wireless Fidelity) and networks which have many users and called
hotspots. However, the cells of Wi Max in the cities are called hotzones.
We propose a system model that performs the load balancing process between the base stations of WiMax network. This means, the proposed load balancing algorithm exchanges the terminals between the adjacent base stations in order to make the throughput in each base station equals to the throughput
in the others. This will improve the performance of the overall network and increase the available bandwidth for each terminal; in addition, this will increase the number of terminals which can be
served. On one side, these advantages return to the subscribers, they also return to the operator on the other side, not to mention the good renown that the operator will get from subscribers that will make more subscribers join to this network.
The proposed load balancing system can be centralized; implemented in a centralized server connected
to all base stations or distributed system implemented in each base station. The load balancing algorithm which consists of several steps is placed in a controller that achieves it. The load balancing process and the handover procedure have to be fast enough in order to prevent the adverse effect on
the quality of service especially for the real-time applications users.
Radar detects the targets and measures its parameters, range,
azimuth, height, and velocity of the target.
In some application, such as early warning radar we don’t
have extremely measure all these parameters, but in other
application like detect
ion targets and measures his geo-locations
requires high resolution to all these parameters.
This paper discusses the feasibility of detecting the location of
from four deferent satellites Positions by using of Linear Algebra
and pseudo range’s solution, The Matlab was used to solve the four Equations and to simulate the Geo-Positions on Geo-Map
