تعتبر عقود التجارة الدولية من أهم موضوعات القانون الدولي، لانعكاسها على اقتصاديات الدول كافة، وكونها من العقود الزمنية، حيث البضاعة تأخذ زمناً لتعبر حدود أكثر من دولة، مما يجعلها عرضة للمخاطر. وبما أن الاعتماد المستندي أحد عقود التجارة الدولية، لدوره في إعطاء الضمان للبيوع الدولية. كما انه من أقدر الوسائل التي عرفها العصر الحديث مساهمة في إتمام صفقات التجارة الدولية، ومن أهم العمليات المصرفية على مستوى العالم، ومن أكثر أدوات الوفاء استخداماً في التجارة الدولية، لنجاحه كأداة سريعة الأداء وقليلة التكاليف. وبما أن عقد الاعتماد المستندي يمر بعدد من المراحل حتى يصل الى غايته. إلا إن هذه العملية قد تتعثر، بسبب وقوع إحداث غير متوقعة ومستقلة عن إرادة المدين ومؤثرة على التنفيذ؛ بحيث تجعله أما مستحيلاً؛ كالقوة القاهرة، أو مرهقاً للمدين مع بقائه ممكناً؛ كالظرف الطارئ.
International trade contracts are considered one of the most important topics of international law, because they are reflected on the economies of all countries, and that they are of the successive contracts, where goods take time to cross the borders of more than one country, which makes them exposed to risks. And since the documentary credit is one of the international trade contracts for its role in providing guarantee for the international sales, It is also one of the most capable means that the modern era has known in contributing to the completion of international trade deals, one the most important banking operations in the world, one of the most used tools of payment in international trade, and for its success as a fast-performing and low-cost tool, and since the documentary credit contract has a number of stages until it reaches its goal, this process may be hampered by unexpected events that are independent of the will of the debtor and affect the implementation making it either impossible as force majeure, or exhausting for debtor while remaining possible; as emergency circumstance.
References used
Hassoun, S.Political Economy in Monetary and Banking, 2nd edition, The University Institute, Lebanon, 2004.
Alam El-Din, M. Documentary Credits, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Cairo - 1981. Jamal Al-Din, A. A. Documentary Credits, A Study of Judiciary and Comparative Jurisprudence, Cairo, 1981
The documentary credit is one of the most effective means of
settling of international trade payments. This is when the
beneficiary submits documents in accordance with the terms of
the letter of credit.
On the one hand, the principle “fraud unravels all” is one of the
most important principles in the civil law, because of the law
doesn’t protect the person who act in bad faith. On the other hand,
the independence principle is the most important p
Syrian Legislator and UNCETRAL rules, have declared that
electronic offer authoritative, and gives the electronic offer as
authentic as traditional offer, and have the same legal effects.
This study aims to shed the light on the threats that facing the
commercial banks dealing with the Documentary Credits, and the
affect of the ICC Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary
Credits (UCP 600) in reducing these threats.
Issues relating to the will in contracts usually cause a lot of
difficulty. This is because will is clearly related to the mental
and personal elements. Difficulties arise in defining the concept
on the first hand, and in proving it on the other.