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نماذج التفاعلية لبرنامج التحرير
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على الرغم من نوعية جيدة بشكل جيد لأنظمة الترجمة الآلية (MT)، تتطلب مخرجات MT تصحيحات. تم تقديم نماذج ما بعد التحرير التلقائي (APE) لأداء هذه التصحيحات دون تدخل بشري. ومع ذلك، لا يتمكن أي نظام من أتمتة عملية التحرير بالكامل (PE). علاوة على ذلك، في حين أن العديد من أدوات الترجمة، مثل ذكريات الترجمة (TMS)، فإن الاستفادة إلى حد كبير من مدخلات المترجمين، لا يزال تفاعل الإنسان (HCI) محدودا عندما يتعلق الأمر ب PE. تناقش هذه الورقة المحرز في مجال البحث نماذج القرد وتقترح أنها يمكن تحسينها في سيناريوهات تفاعلية أكثر، كما فعلت سابقا في MT مع إنشاء أنظمة MT (IMT) التفاعلية. بناء على الفرضية التي ستستفيد PE من HCI، يتم اقتراح منهجيتين. كلاهما يشير إلى أن إعدادات التعلم الدفاعية التقليدية ليست الأمثل لل PE. بدلا من ذلك، يوصى بتدريب التقنيات عبر الإنترنت لتدريب وتحديث نماذج PE على الطاير، عبر التفاعلات الحقيقية أو المحاكاة مع المترجم.
Despite the increasingly good quality of Machine Translation (MT) systems, MT outputs require corrections. Automatic Post-Editing (APE) models have been introduced to perform these corrections without human intervention. However, no system has been able to fully automate the Post-Editing (PE) process. Moreover, while numerous translation tools, such as Translation Memories (TMs), largely benefit from translators' input, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) remains limited when it comes to PE. This research-in-progress paper discusses APE models and suggests that they could be improved in more interactive scenarios, as previously done in MT with the creation of Interactive MT (IMT) systems. Based on the hypothesis that PE would benefit from HCI, two methodologies are proposed. Both suggest that traditional batch learning settings are not optimal for PE. Instead, online techniques are recommended to train and update PE models on the fly, via either real or simulated interactions with the translator.
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Language technologies, such as machine translation (MT), but also the application of artificial intelligence in general and an abundance of CAT tools and platforms have an increasing influence on the translation market. Human interaction with these t
echnologies becomes ever more important as they impact translators' workflows, work environments, and job profiles. Moreover, it has implications for translator training. One of the tasks that emerged with language technologies is post-editing (PE) where a human translator corrects raw machine translated output according to given guidelines and quality criteria (O'Brien, 2011: 197-198). Already widely used in several traditional translation settings, its use has come into focus in more creative processes such as literary translation and audiovisual translation (AVT) as well. With the integration of MT systems, the translation process should become more efficient. Both economic and cognitive processes are impacted and with it the necessary competences of all stakeholders involved change. In this paper, we want to describe the different potential job profiles and respective competences needed when post-editing subtitles.
Automatic post-editing (APE) models are usedto correct machine translation (MT) system outputs by learning from human post-editing patterns. We present the system used in our submission to the WMT'21 Automatic Post-Editing (APE) English-German (En-De
) shared task. We leverage the state-of-the-art MT system (Ng et al., 2019) for this task. For further improvements, we adapt the MT model to the task domain by using WikiMatrix (Schwenket al., 2021) followed by fine-tuning with additional APE samples from previous editions of the shared task (WMT-16,17,18) and ensembling the models. Our systems beat the baseline on TER scores on the WMT'21 test set.
Automatic summarisation has the potential to aid physicians in streamlining clerical tasks such as note taking. But it is notoriously difficult to evaluate these systems and demonstrate that they are safe to be used in a clinical setting. To circumve
nt this issue, we propose a semi-automatic approach whereby physicians post-edit generated notes before submitting them. We conduct a preliminary study on the time saving of automatically generated consultation notes with post-editing. Our evaluators are asked to listen to mock consultations and to post-edit three generated notes. We time this and find that it is faster than writing the note from scratch. We present insights and lessons learnt from this experiment.
Language technology is already largely adopted by most Language Service Providers (LSPs) and integrated into their traditional translation processes. In this context, there are many different approaches to applying Post-Editing (PE) of a machine tran
slated text, involving different workflow processes and steps that can be more or less effective and favorable. In the present paper, we propose a 3-step Post-Editing Workflow (PEW). Drawing from industry insight, this paper aims to provide a basic framework for LSPs and Post-Editors on how to streamline Post-Editing workflows in order to improve quality, achieve higher profitability and better return on investment and standardize and facilitate internal processes in terms of management and linguist effort when it comes to PE services. We argue that a comprehensive PEW consists in three essential tasks: Pre-Editing, Post-Editing and Annotation/Machine Translation (MT) evaluation processes (Guerrero, 2018) supported by three essential roles: Pre-Editor, Post-Editor and Annotator (Gene, 2020). Furthermore, the pre-sent paper demonstrates the training challenges arising from this PEW, supported by empirical research results, as reflected in a digital survey among language industry professionals (Gene, 2020), which was conducted in the context of a Post-Editing Webinar. Its sample comprised 51 representatives of LSPs and 12 representatives of SLVs (Single Language Vendors) representatives.
Extractive summarization has been the mainstay of automatic summarization for decades. Despite all the progress, extractive summarizers still suffer from shortcomings including coreference issues arising from extracting sentences away from their orig
inal context in the source document. This affects the coherence and readability of extractive summaries. In this work, we propose a lightweight post-editing step for extractive summaries that centers around a single linguistic decision: the definiteness of noun phrases. We conduct human evaluation studies that show that human expert judges substantially prefer the output of our proposed system over the original summaries. Moreover, based on an automatic evaluation study, we provide evidence for our system's ability to generate linguistic decisions that lead to improved extractive summaries. We also draw insights about how the automatic system is exploiting some local cues related to the writing style of the main article texts or summary texts to make the decisions, rather than reasoning about the contexts pragmatically.
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