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Factors of failure of the Ayyubid state

عوامل سقوط الدولة الأيوبية

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 Publication date 2018
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The Ayyubid state, which extended from 568 - 661 AH / 1173-1263, was an important stage in the history of Islamic steadfastness in the face of the Crusader invasion. The factor of steadfastness in the face of this invasion was the most important role of the Ayyubid state and its emergence. The emergence idea of Ayyubid state has the banner of Jihad to expel the invaders, which lasted during the reign of Salah al-Din. However, the continuation of adopting this idea vanished soon after the death of its founder Salah al-Din; his inheritors forgot the idea of jihad, and engaged in internal conflicts and expansionist ambitions, which was the main cause of the failure of this state in addition to the reasons ,are no less important, discussed in this paper, including the situation of the Muslim world and its succession, which was supposed to be a supporter factor for other Islamic forces defending this Islamic world, including the Ayyubid state. On the contrary, this caliphate suffered from disintegration which was a weakness and pressure factor on these forces. In addition to other factors that were talked about in the paper that contributed significantly to the failure of this state, including the economic factor, religious factor and genetic factor. This paper also discussed the relationship between the Ayyubid state and the other Islamic forces, which was hostile rather than peaceful, which made them exhausted their forces and the forces of these Islamic countries.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تناول البحث الذي أعده الدكتور أسامة مهنا عوامل سقوط الدولة الأيوبية التي امتدت من سنة 568هـ إلى 661هـ (1173م - 1263م). يوضح البحث أن الدولة الأيوبية قامت على فكرة الجهاد لطرد الغزاة الصليبيين، واستمرت هذه الفكرة طوال فترة حكم صلاح الدين الأيوبي. إلا أن هذه الفكرة تلاشت بعد وفاة صلاح الدين، حيث انشغل خلفاؤه بالصراعات الداخلية والمطامع التوسعية، مما أدى إلى انهيار الدولة. يناقش البحث أيضاً الأوضاع العامة للعالم الإسلامي في تلك الفترة، حيث كانت الخلافة العباسية تعاني من التفكك والانحلال، مما شكل عامل ضعف وضغط على القوى الإسلامية المدافعة عن العالم الإسلامي، بما في ذلك الدولة الأيوبية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تطرق البحث إلى العوامل الاقتصادية والدينية والوراثية التي ساهمت في سقوط الدولة. كما تناول البحث العلاقات العدائية بين الدولة الأيوبية والقوى الإسلامية الأخرى، والتي استنزفت قواها وقوى تلك الدول الإسلامية. استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي للأحداث، معتمداً على مصادر تاريخية متعددة للوصول إلى الأسباب الحقيقية وراء سقوط الدولة الأيوبية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن البحث يقدم تحليلاً شاملاً لعوامل سقوط الدولة الأيوبية، إلا أنه يمكن القول أن التركيز الكبير على الصراعات الداخلية والمطامع التوسعية قد يكون قد أغفل بعض الجوانب الأخرى التي قد تكون ساهمت في سقوط الدولة. على سبيل المثال، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير القوى الخارجية مثل المغول والصليبيين على استقرار الدولة الأيوبية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم تحليل أعمق للعوامل الاقتصادية وتأثيرها على المجتمع الأيوبي بشكل عام. كما أن البحث قد استفاد من المصادر التاريخية بشكل جيد، إلا أن الاعتماد الكبير على المصادر التقليدية قد يكون قد أغفل بعض الدراسات الحديثة التي قد تقدم رؤى جديدة حول هذا الموضوع.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الفكرة الأساسية التي قامت عليها الدولة الأيوبية؟

    قامت الدولة الأيوبية على فكرة الجهاد لطرد الغزاة الصليبيين.

  2. ما هي العوامل الرئيسية التي أدت إلى سقوط الدولة الأيوبية؟

    العوامل الرئيسية تشمل الصراعات الداخلية، المطامع التوسعية، التفكك والانحلال في الخلافة العباسية، والعوامل الاقتصادية والدينية والوراثية.

  3. كيف أثرت العلاقات العدائية مع القوى الإسلامية الأخرى على الدولة الأيوبية؟

    العلاقات العدائية استنزفت قوى الدولة الأيوبية وقوى الدول الإسلامية الأخرى، مما أضعفها وساهم في سقوطها.

  4. ما هو المنهج الذي اعتمده الباحث في دراسة أسباب سقوط الدولة الأيوبية؟

    اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي للأحداث، مستنداً إلى مصادر تاريخية متعددة.


References used
عاشور ، سعيد. مصر والشام في عصر الأيوبيين والمماليك. دون طبعة، دار النهضة العربية، بيروت
العبادي، أحمد. التاريخ الأيوبي و المملوكي. دون طبعة ،مؤسسة الشباب الجامعة ، الاسكندرية.
غنيم ، اسمت. الدولة الأيوبية والصليبيون. جامعة الاسكندرية، دار المعرفة الجامعية, 1990م.
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