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Register a new userVan Tijm and Victor Gremonsky
بين فيكتور جيرمونسكي و بول فان تيجم
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عيد محمود( باحث )
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استطاع (فان تيجم) و (فيكتور جيرمونسكي) في أعمالهما النقدية المقارنة ترسيخ معالم اتجاهين متقاربين نشأةً، و متباعدين إلى حد غير قليل منهجاً، و وسائل بحث . فالأول ممن ساروا على نهج (إبيل فيلمان) في النظر إلى العلاقات الأدبية الدولية نظرةً تاريخيةً سببيةً أكيدة (النظرية التاريخية). و الثاني ممن نهجوا نهج النظرية النمطية (التيبولوجية)، متأثراً بطروحات (أ. فيسيلوفسكي) النقدية، المتأثر بالفلاسفة الألمان، بدءاً من النصف الثاني من القرن الثامن عشر. فطرح مصطلح التشابه و الاختلاف بين الآداب، بوصفه نتيجةً لتشابهٍ أو اختلافٍ في حركة تطور المجتمعات و أحوالها. إلا أن تباعدهما من حيث المبدأ، لم يلغ اتفاقهما في بعض القضايا الجزئية، و اختلافهما في مسائل أخرى. و هذا ما سيحاول البحث النظر إليه، مستعيناً بالاستقراء وسيلة لاستنباط الأحكام، التي أغفلها الدارسون و المهتمون، أملاً بإعطاء كل ذي حقٍ حقه، بحيادية و موضوعية، تعتمد نصوص كلٍ منهما.
Van Tijm and Victor Gremonsky, in their comparative monetary work, have established two closely related, largely divergent approaches and research methods. The first to follow the approach of EvelFeilmann to look at international literary relations is a certain historical causation (historical theory). And the second approach to the theory of typology, influenced by the writings of A. Vesilowski monetary, influenced by German philosophers, starting in the second half of the eighteenth century. The term similarities and differences between literatures is presented as a result of similarity or difference in the movement of the development of societies and their conditions. However, their divergence in principle did not override their agreement on some partial issues and their divergence in other matters. This is what the research will try to look at, using extrapolation as a means to elucidate judgments, which were ignored by scholars and interested parties, in the hope of giving each person the right, both impartially and objectively, to adopt their texts.
References used
د. يعقوب البيطار – د. عيد محمود، الأدب المقارن، 2009 ، اللاذقية، منشورات جامعة تشرين.
محمد عابد الجابري، مجلة فكر ونقد، عدد 2،1997 ، بحث الغرب والإسلام الأنا والآخر مسألة الغيرية.
ب. ف تيجم، تاريخ الأدب الأوروبي والأمريكي، باريس، 1941
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Researchers and critics focus on the French comparative research, which is clear and
requires no proof. But perhaps we need to be steadfast by the Russian thinkers and critics.
The research attempts to complete the opening of some neglected windows
with the
intent or purpose of extrapolating and checking the situation that we are repressing through
the prelude to the confidence of the ideas and opinions that produced what is known as the
Russian comparative trend.
Fractal antenna are considered actually as the most important large band antenna, due
to their design parameters that are based on fractal geometry. The long distance between
two specific points of antenna and hisself similarity allow to obtain a m
ultiple resonance
frequencies (Wide Band), which is used for several application. The using of dipole
antenna in form of Van-Koch curve offer multi-resonance antenna, the Nec simulator is
used to design this antenna. The proposed antenna had been fabricated and measured in the
antenna laboratory at two central frequencies 1GHz and 10 GHz. Both theoretical and
experimental results were very closed in spite of imperfect experiment condition. The Van-
Koch antenna fabrication and measurement in laboratory gives the possibility to designing
and applying this antenna type, additionally we can study the change of antenna parameters
( gain, rayon diagram … ) when the fractal parameters varies.
This study aimed to extent of the distribution of the Van Hiele levels in geometrical reasoning in secondary school students (the second secondary grade), and its relationship with geometric- proof And logical-mathematical thinking, And a random samp
le of (200) two hundred students was chosen from both genders from the public schools in the Lattakia city, The research used the Van Hiele geometry test, and she used Achievement test for writing proofs in Geometry, And logical-mathematical thinking test. The results showed the Van Hiele levels of geometrical reasoning were present distributed at the first fourth levels with varying degrees in secondary school students (the second secondary grade), and There was a strong correlation between the two variables (Van Hiele / Geometric proof) for students, and There is a strong and positive relationship between the two variables(Logical-mathematical thinking / Geometry proof) for students, and There was a strong correlation between the two variables (Logical-mathematical thinking / Van Hiele) for students.
This study aimed to investigate changes in Van Hiele levels of
Geometrical thinking for open education student teachers upon taking the course on (Geometric Concepts and its Methods of Teaching) and their relationship to achievement, in the College
of Education at Damascus University.
A sample of (101) student teachers was chosen (males and females, Syrians and UNRWA) from the fourth – year open education student teachers.
The researcher used the Van Hiele Geometrical Thought Test (with α = 0.82) in the Syrian environment, and an achievement test (with α =0.89).
The results showed positive changes in Van Hiele levels of geometrical thought in open education student teachers, after taking the course of (Geometric Concepts and its Methods of Teaching), where most student teachers advanced to higher levels of Geometrical thinking.
In addition, the results showed a strong significant positive correlation (at level of significance = 0.01) between student teachers' scores on the Van Hiele Geometrical thinking test and their scores on the achievement test at groups of (whole group= 0.555, males= 0.542, females= 0.583, Syrians= 0.544, UNRWA= 0.611). These results could help teachers to use the two tests mutually.
The researcher presented several recommendations and suggestions, in light of the study findings.
This research Tackles Ricour's perspective of the willingness to forget and the
ability of memoey to step ahead the idea if past representation and looking into it as it is
one future project. This future which enables humans to recall and forget,
forgive and
tolerate .all of this is done under what's called by Ricour" the able ego". Afterwards, it
reaches a happy memory where by forgetfulness is one image out of many stored in the
memory. According to this, the research discusses the beginning of relation ship between
history and memory as it is perceived by Ricour, one of interrelation then it discusses the
relation of memory and language via its narratives. Narrative, according to Ricour, is
means which people use to express their unforgettable past experience, that they need to
resurrect the past via narrating and legislating it in stories. Then, it proceeds to handle the
idea of willingness to forget and the relation which links forgetfulness to memory, which is
one holistic relation, according to Ricour. This means that there is no forgetfulness without
recalling and vice versa. Despit that, as perceived by Ricour, memory has always been
living in confusion/ hesitation. In other word, you hesitate as to what to recall and what to
forget. This has forced or led this research of memory as it is one future project as Ricour
assures.it finally concludes with some findings that we sought to have in regards to
Ricour's perspective regarding this issus.
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