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Study of the Dust Storms Frequency and Factors for Their Occurrence in the Syrian Steppe

دراسة تكرارية العواصف الترابية و عوامل ظهورها في البادية السورية

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 Publication date 1999
  fields Soil And Water
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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The Syrian steppe occupies an area of about ١٠ millions hectares representing ٥٥٪ of the country. Due to the relatively high rainfall averages the steppe is known as one of the best grazing areas in the Arab World. This picture however has been changed in the recent decades due to the expansion of rainfed barley cultivation and consequent destruction of the natural shrubby cover by tillage. Other reasons leading to land degradation is the steppe overgrazing and shrub cutting for fuel . High soil erodibility is caused by the week structure and light texture of the soils of the steppe. As a result wind erosion became a prevailing process in the steppe. This phenomenon was remarkably accelerated during the last decade. Dust, dust storm, sand accumulation on roads, railroads, villages houses, formation of sand sheets with different thickness and sand hummocks around shrubs were the main environmental features consequences.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول الدراسة التي أجراها محمود العسكر تحليل تكرارية العواصف الترابية والعوامل المؤثرة في ظهورها في البادية السورية. تشير النتائج إلى أن حوالي 50% من أراضي البادية السورية تتعرض للانجراف الريحي بشكل كبير عند تعرضها لقوى ميكانيكية مثل الحراثة أو وطء الحيوانات وسير المركبات. يوضح البحث أن سوء إدارة الموارد الأرضية والرعوية، وزيادة المساحات المفلوحة، وغياب النظم الرعوية، قد ساهمت في تفاقم هذه الظاهرة. كما يقدم البحث تحليلاً مفصلاً لشدة العواصف الترابية وتكراريتها وتوزيعها حسب السنوات والفصول، ويربط ذلك بالعوامل المناخية والأرضية السائدة. تشير النتائج إلى أن أكبر تكرارية للعواصف الترابية تحدث في شهر أيار، حيث بلغ متوسط تواترها 15-22 عاصفة. تأتي أهمية الدراسة من خلال كشف مسببات تدهور الأراضي وعلاقته بنشوء العواصف الترابية، وبيان العوامل الأكثر تأثيراً في عملية تشكل العواصف الترابية. تعتمد الدراسة على معطيات مديرية الأرصاد الجوية بدمشق وتقارير وزارة الزراعة، بالإضافة إلى التحريات الحقلية الميدانية ضمن النطاق الجغرافي لمشروع مراقبة ومكافحة التصحر في البادية السورية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر الدراسة التي أجراها محمود العسكر مهمة جداً لفهم العوامل المؤثرة في تكرارية العواصف الترابية في البادية السورية. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء لهذه الدراسة. أولاً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت بيانات من محطات مناخية أخرى في البادية السورية، وليس فقط محطة دير الزور. ثانياً، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ تأثير السياسات الحكومية والإجراءات المتخذة للحد من هذه الظاهرة، مما قد يكون له تأثير كبير على النتائج. أخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر فائدة إذا تضمنت توصيات عملية محددة للمزارعين وصناع القرار للحد من تدهور الأراضي والعواصف الترابية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي العوامل الرئيسية التي تساهم في تكرارية العواصف الترابية في البادية السورية؟

    تساهم عدة عوامل في تكرارية العواصف الترابية في البادية السورية، منها سوء إدارة الموارد الأرضية والرعوية، زيادة المساحات المفلوحة، غياب النظم الرعوية، والعوامل المناخية مثل انخفاض معدلات الأمطار.

  2. ما هي الفترة الزمنية التي تم دراستها في البحث؟

    تمت دراسة العواصف الترابية في الفترة الواقعة بين عامي 1982 و1996.

  3. ما هو الشهر الذي يشهد أكبر تكرارية للعواصف الترابية في البادية السورية؟

    يشهد شهر أيار أكبر تكرارية للعواصف الترابية في البادية السورية، حيث بلغ متوسط تواترها 15-22 عاصفة.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي يمكن أن تقدمها الدراسة للحد من تدهور الأراضي والعواصف الترابية؟

    على الرغم من أن الدراسة لم تتضمن توصيات محددة، يمكن اقتراح تحسين إدارة الموارد الأرضية والرعوية، تقليل المساحات المفلوحة، وتطبيق نظم رعوية فعالة للحد من تدهور الأراضي والعواصف الترابية.


References used
عسكر محمود. ١٩٩١ . الانجراف الريحي في البادية السورية. مجلة بحوث جامعة حلب، سلسلة العلوم الزراعية، العدد ١٧
عليوي محمد. ١٩٩١ . خريطة تدهور الترب في الجمهورية العربية السورية، أسبوع العلم الواحد والثلاثون
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