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هذا البحث دراسة تحليلية مقارنة بين موقف القانون السوري و موقف الفقه الإسلامي من عقوبة السرقة من المال العام. عرضت من خلاله لتعريف السرقة و الاختلاس فقهاً و قانوناً. ثم تعرضت لأحكام السرقة و أركانها و شروطها في الفقه الإسلامي و القانون.
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References used
سنن النسائي: دار الكتاب العربي-بيروت.
ذحيرة: شهاب الدين أحمد بن إدريس القرافي- ط دار الغرب الإسلامي بيروت ١٩٩٤م.
موسوعة الجنائية في الإسلام: د. فتحي البهنسي، دار النهضة العربية- القاهرة
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فإن موضوع زكاة الملك العام (المال العام) يعد من الموضوعات المهمة في هذا العصر، و ذلك لتوسع الدولة المعاصرة في القطاع العام الاقتصادي ، و تمددها في الأنشطة التجارية و الزراعية و الصناعية و المصرفية و التأمينية و الخدماتية، و منافستها للقطاع الخاص في ه
ذه الأنشطة.
و لما كان البعد الفقهي هو البارز في هذا الموضوع ،فقد رجعت إلى عدد وافر من المراجع الفقهية القديمة و المعاصرة.
و قسمت البحث إلى مبحثين ، تكلمت في المبحث الأول عن التأصيل الشرعي لتعلق الزكاة بالملك الخاص دون العام، و في المبحث الثاني: زكاة الأموال العامة المستثمرة في القطاع العام .
ثم لخصت أهم نتائج البحث.
The lease contract is almost the most of those concluded during the crisis
that is facing our homeland, and almost more than one third of the
rental properties, whether furnished or not.
The study is researching the fault tolerance in the large distributed
environments such as grid computing and clusters of computers in
order to find the most effective ways to deal with the errors
associated with the crash one of the devices in th
e environment or
network disconnection to ensure the continuity of the application in
the presence of the faults.In this paper we study a model of the
distributed environment and the parallel applications within it. Then
we provide a checkpoint mechanism that will enable us to ensure
continuity of the work used by a virtual representation of the
application (macro dataflow) and suitable for the applications
which uses work stealing algorithm to distribute the tasks which
are implemented in heterogeneous and dynamic environment.
This mechanism will add a simple cost to the cost of parallel
execution as a result of keeping part of the work during fault-free
execution. The study also provides a mathematical model to
calculate the time complexity i.e. the cost of this proposed
mechanism.
Abstract Slang is a common type of informal language, but its flexible nature and paucity of data resources present challenges for existing natural language systems. We take an initial step toward machine generation of slang by developing a framework
that models the speaker's word choice in slang context. Our framework encodes novel slang meaning by relating the conventional and slang senses of a word while incorporating syntactic and contextual knowledge in slang usage. We construct the framework using a combination of probabilistic inference and neural contrastive learning. We perform rigorous evaluations on three slang dictionaries and show that our approach not only outperforms state-of-the-art language models, but also better predicts the historical emergence of slang word usages from 1960s to 2000s. We interpret the proposed models and find that the contrastively learned semantic space is sensitive to the similarities between slang and conventional senses of words. Our work creates opportunities for the automated generation and interpretation of informal language.
This study aims to recognize the determinants of capital adequacy in
Syrian private banks listed in Damascus stock exchange. Through
review of main theoretical and empirical research, six factors were
chosen such as: credit risk, interest rate ris
k, liquidity risk, leverage
risk, bank size and profitability. Analysis of data which was
extracted from financial semi- annual reports of these banks was
performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed
inverse correlation between credit risk, interest rate risk and capital
adequacy ratio. This study also confirms positive relationship
between leverage risk and capital adequacy ratio. On the other hand,
the size of the bank and its profitability does not seem to have
essential role in determining capital adequacy ratio in Syrian private
banks.
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