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عثمان بن صالح العامر( باحث )
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تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في بحث مفهوم المواطنة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر و ما ينطوي عليه هذا المفهوم من دلالات و أبعاد سياسية و اجتماعية أمكن إجمالها في المساواة و الحرية . و حسب منهجية الدراسة تم تتبع الأصول الفكرية التي تمثل منابع الفكر الغربي المعاصر في تحديد معنى كل من المساواة و الحرية و تحليل أبعاد كل منهما ، و التطبيقات التي نتجت عنها في كل من المعسكرين : الليرالي / الديمقراطي ، و الشيوعي الاشتراكي ، و نقد المفهوم و الممارسات من المنظور الإسلامي .
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Research summary
تناقش الدراسة مفهوم المواطنة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر من منظور إسلامي، حيث تركز على تحليل مفهومي المساواة والحرية وتطبيقاتهما في السياقين الليبرالي الديمقراطي والشيوعي الاشتراكي. تتبع الدراسة الأصول الفكرية والتاريخية التي شكلت هذه المفاهيم في الفكر الغربي، وتنتقدها من منظور إسلامي. تخلص الدراسة إلى أن هذه المفاهيم الغربية، رغم أنها تبدو عالمية، إلا أنها نتاج سياقات تاريخية واجتماعية محددة، ولا تصلح للتطبيق في كل المجتمعات. تؤكد الدراسة على أن الشريعة الإسلامية تقدم نموذجاً شاملاً وعالمياً يصلح لكل زمان ومكان، حيث تعتمد على الوحي الإلهي وتقدم حلولاً متكاملة لمختلف جوانب الحياة البشرية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم الدراسة نقداً مهماً لمفهوم المواطنة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر، ولكنها قد تكون متحيزة بعض الشيء في تأكيدها على تفوق النموذج الإسلامي دون النظر بعمق كافٍ إلى التنوع والثراء الموجود في الفكر الغربي. قد يكون من المفيد أيضاً تقديم أمثلة عملية من المجتمعات الإسلامية المعاصرة التي تطبق هذه المفاهيم بنجاح، لتعزيز الحجة المقدمة في الدراسة. كما أن التركيز على نقد الفكر الغربي دون تقديم حلول عملية يمكن أن يقلل من فعالية الدراسة في تقديم بدائل واقعية.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي الأصول الفكرية التي شكلت مفهوم المواطنة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر؟
تشكلت الأصول الفكرية لمفهوم المواطنة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر من خلال تطورات تاريخية واجتماعية وسياسية، حيث تأثرت بالفكر الليبرالي الديمقراطي والشيوعي الاشتراكي. هذه الأصول تتضمن مفاهيم المساواة والحرية التي تطورت عبر الزمن في السياقات الأوروبية والأمريكية.
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كيف تنتقد الدراسة مفهوم المواطنة الغربي من منظور إسلامي؟
تنتقد الدراسة مفهوم المواطنة الغربي من منظور إسلامي من خلال التأكيد على أن هذه المفاهيم نتاج سياقات تاريخية واجتماعية محددة ولا تصلح للتطبيق في كل المجتمعات. كما تشير إلى أن الشريعة الإسلامية تقدم نموذجاً شاملاً وعالمياً يصلح لكل زمان ومكان.
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ما هي أهم النقاط التي تخلص إليها الدراسة حول صلاحية المفاهيم الغربية للدول غير الغربية؟
تخلص الدراسة إلى أن المفاهيم الغربية للمواطنة والمساواة والحرية، رغم أنها تبدو عالمية، إلا أنها غير صالحة للتطبيق في الدول غير الغربية بسبب السياقات التاريخية والاجتماعية المختلفة. تحتاج هذه المفاهيم إلى مراجعة حتى في الدول الغربية نفسها.
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ما هو النموذج الذي تقدمه الشريعة الإسلامية كمقابل للمفاهيم الغربية؟
تقدم الشريعة الإسلامية نموذجاً شاملاً وعالمياً يصلح لكل زمان ومكان، حيث تعتمد على الوحي الإلهي وتقدم حلولاً متكاملة لمختلف جوانب الحياة البشرية. هذا النموذج يشمل مفاهيم المساواة والحرية والعدالة بطريقة تتناسب مع الفطرة البشرية وتحقق الصلاح العام.
References used
Joh I. Cogan and Ray Derricott, citizenship for the 21 St century an international perspective on education, Kogan page, England, 1999, pp. 103: 107
long street, w, alternative futures and the social studies, in r Evans and Saxe (Eds), hand book on teaching social issues, national council for the social studies, Washington, dc, 1997 pp. 317-260
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to know the science of westernism whose features appeared in contemporary Arab thought by the thinker Hassen Hanafi, and contribution in its development via identifying its features first; "and to criticize it Second." is today considered to
be a must, but rather urgent "to avoid having fallen in the limit of an Arab civilized identity which is convulsive and rejecting the other through a predetermined judgment and a textual thought which is undebatable and not less difficult than the undebntability and darkness of the fundament alist salafi mind that forbids diligence, rationality and development. The research deals with the needs to form the science of westernism as per the arab ego to be pure and free from western colonial cultural orientalism indirectly, being far from reaction as centeralized on the axis of self-arrogance towards uprising arab scientific thought whose concern is to keep abreast of the world and go into history with keeping up the ego safe and secure, through analyzing the phenomenon of western superiority and detecting the keys of power and its reasons to find why we are fused in the western civilization. This is to stop being fascinated excessively by that, to get rid of that or to lessen the duality of south and north or arabs and the western to get to a state of international participation in making the pillars of civilization, and to stop being annexed to the west and taking with no return. Not doing that, the picture of the arab and the muslim will not be corrected for themselves first and for the world second. Thus, this research is an attempt to focus on the leading role of arabs and muslims to have a thought mechanism, not pragmatic but scientific to keep abreast of history force with no clash or being annexed, so it should be noted that orientalism is a thought that stands on the opposite bank of the westernized thought . today, the west is especially fully ready to get any Arabic text to criticize it, including America, and to criticize its racism in order to be considered as serving their centrality in an attempt to make arab drain purchased especially those who think of the arab Islamic identity to have them work for their mythodology because this colonialism is not pure coincidence, but it is based on hardworking pursuit in avery tireless way.
This research tries to analyze the political and external criticism of
science and its achievements according to Habermas. Moreover, it tries to
deal with the negative results of science in our contemporary human
lives, especially its disability t
o achieve the goals of justice, freedom and
equality. Not only has science helped man to control nature, but it also
has become a tool to economically and politically enslave man and
control him.
The research also tries to analyze Habermas' project which calls for
criticizing positivist sciences and exploring the possibility of establishing
new sciences based on communicating with others and understanding
them to replace the current materialistic, instrumental and monodimensional
sciences. This means that it is necessary to reconsider the
existing sciences which have changed man from an end to means in order
to achieve as much benefit as possible, which has turned his mind, morals
and freedom into a product.
The study that we present represents an important work in Western thought. We ask about the contemporary interpretation of French philosopher
Paul Ricoeur in the twentieth century. He worked hard to build a unique philosophical style that criticized and discussed all theories and methodsof
interpretation, phenomenology, existentialism, Marxism, Freudianism, Nietzscheism, Theories of reading, linguistic analysis, anthropology,
theories of culture, psychology, etc. In this way, Paul Ricoeur, in his discussion of the concept of will and kidney, discovers the true meaning of evil
symbolism by addressing many concepts and ideas that have to do with evil. From here comes the interpretation and narrowly meditate on the
language of recognition of error, which reveals the possibility and difficulty of philosophical interpretation of the symbols of sign, stigmatization
and reprimand that were associated with the great legends that tell how evil entered into humanity: such as the myths of cosmology, tragedy,
Humanity and morphology, and then led to the approach of thought The understanding is not a pattern of behavior, but rather a pattern of the self
itself in its axiom of the demonstrative, structural, and interpretative ones. It is not a pattern of behavior, but rather a pattern of existence on
Heidegger and Gadamer's path, His conflicts in the conflict between different interpretations. The structural andsemiological analysis model has
also helped to expand the text's arguments, since the text is a linguistic medium that carries the author's mind to the reader, and all that Paul Ricoeur
has done is determined by the expansion of the various theories into his important discovery, considering that the symbol calls for thought and
pluralism. The suspicion or philosophers of doubt Karl Marx, Nietzsche and Freud, but thinking about the mysteries of the symbol led him to think
of metaphor as a metaphor, or a rhetorical image of the name that emerged clearly in the history of long rhetoric in what Paul Ricoeur defined in
his book "theory of interpretation", which starts with the sophists, And shows Aristotle and Cicero and Totalitarian, until it is crucial to the critics of
the nineteenth century. This has led to the interest of linguistic, structural and existential theories ... to say that there are two modes of interpretation,
an interpretation that emphasizes the mythological nature and the interpretation that confronts archeology. Not only did Paul Ricoeur reflect on the
rhetorical side, the mythological character and the linguistic analysis only; he tried to discuss the question of truth and lies, Agustin, Greek
philosophy, utopian theories, and various doctrines to that the kidney, which conceal the meaning of lies and want to reach the truth, and Paul
Ricoeur interested in the concept of ideology by discussing the works of Karl Mannheim, Karl Marx and Louis Althusser discovering this
relationship between idea representation and practice.
الهدف من البحث في المشروع القومي العربي المعاصر هو طرح أفكار قديمـة جديـدة
حول العمل القومي الوحدوي للإسهام في رفع مستوى الوعي السياسي عنـد الإنسـان
العربي و تعميقه، و تكوين فكر قومي قادر على مواجهة التحـديات التـي تواجـه الأمـة
العربية في هذه الظروف.
The contemporary Arabic economic thought is considered as one of the Arabic thought components which is suffering from many problems. The least of these problems is the absence of freedom and the most is the absence of scientific methodology in the c
ontext of interaction with life realities. These problems lead to the schism between the traditional and the innovation thinking and the conflict between the components of the this economic thought.
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