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Register a new userDetermination of copper and zinc levels insome cereals in the local market
تحديد تركيز النحاس و التوتياء في بعض أنواع الحبوب في السوق المحلية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Food Sciences
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
فؤاد سلمان( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
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قدرت كمية عنصرين من العناصر الثقيلة (النحاس و التوتياء) في بعض الحبوب الشائعة الاستعمال و المنتشرة في الأسواق المحلية السورية باستخدم جهاز الامتصاص الذري. بينت الدراسة وجود فروق معنوية في تراكيز المعادن المختلفة تبعاً للأنواع الحبوب المدروسة. تراوح تركيز النحاس في الحبوب من تراكيز صغيرة دون حد الكشف إلى تراكيز عالية وصلت إلى 0.426 mg/kg على أساس الوزن. وصل الحد الأعظمي لتركيز التوتياء في عينات الحبوب المدروسة إلى 2.325mg/kg. كانت تراكيز النحاس في معظم العينات أقل من الحد الأعظمي المسموح به كما أظهرت النتائج وجود التوتياء بنسب أقل بكثير من النسب المسموح بها في المواصفات العالمية و المحلية.
The concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in samples of some cereals available at local markets in Syria weredetermined, after nitric digestion, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The study showed that the heavy metals were present in all samples at different levels. The concentration of heavy metals varied from trace to higher concentration. The maximum level of copper (Cu) in the cereal samples was 0.426 mg kg-1 on dry weight basis, where the maximum level of zinc (Zn) in the cereal samples was 2.325mg mg kg- 1 on dry weight basis. The analytical results obtained for the heavy metals indicate that the copper and zinc were present in all samples at concentration well below the acceptable concentration recommended by the World Health Organization.
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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة التي أجراها الدكتور فؤاد سلمان تحديد تركيز النحاس والتوتياء في بعض أنواع الحبوب الشائعة في الأسواق المحلية السورية باستخدام جهاز الامتصاص الذري. أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية في تراكيز المعادن المختلفة تبعاً لأنواع الحبوب المدروسة. تراوح تركيز النحاس في الحبوب من تراكيز صغيرة دون حد الكشف إلى تراكيز عالية وصلت إلى 0.426 mg/kg. بينما وصل الحد الأعظمي لتركيز التوتياء في عينات الحبوب المدروسة إلى 2.325 mg/kg. كانت تراكيز النحاس في معظم العينات أقل من الحد الأعظمي المسموح به، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود التوتياء بنسب أقل بكثير من النسب المسموح بها في المواصفات العالمية والمحلية. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقييم مدى مطابقة الحبوب المحلية والمستوردة للمعايير العالمية المتعلقة بصحة وسلامة استخدامها وتقديم مقترحات لمراقبتها.
Critical review
تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة جداً في سياق الحفاظ على صحة المستهلكين وضمان جودة المنتجات الغذائية في الأسواق السورية. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الملاحظات النقدية لتحسين الدراسة في المستقبل. أولاً، كان من الممكن توسيع نطاق العينات لتشمل مناطق جغرافية أوسع داخل سوريا لضمان تمثيل أكبر. ثانياً، لم تتطرق الدراسة إلى تأثيرات التلوث البيئي المحتمل على النتائج، وهو عامل مهم يجب أخذه في الاعتبار. أخيراً، كان من الممكن تضمين مقارنة مع دراسات سابقة من دول أخرى لتقديم سياق أوسع للنتائج.
Questions related to the research
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ما هي العناصر الثقيلة التي تم دراستها في هذه البحث؟
تم دراسة تركيز النحاس والتوتياء في بعض أنواع الحبوب الشائعة في الأسواق المحلية السورية.
-
ما هي أعلى نسبة تم العثور عليها للنحاس في عينات الحبوب؟
أعلى نسبة تم العثور عليها للنحاس في عينات الحبوب كانت 0.426 mg/kg.
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هل كانت تراكيز النحاس والتوتياء في العينات ضمن الحدود المسموح بها؟
نعم، كانت تراكيز النحاس في معظم العينات أقل من الحد الأعظمي المسموح به، كما كانت تراكيز التوتياء أقل بكثير من النسب المسموح بها في المواصفات العالمية والمحلية.
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ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة بناءً على النتائج؟
أوصت الدراسة بمتابعة الكشف عن الأثر المتبقي للعناصر الثقيلة المختلفة في الحبوب والأعشاب الطبية والبهارات للحفاظ على صحة المستهلك والرقي بمنتجاتنا الغذائية.
References used
ABOU, A.A.; and ABOU, D.M., Heavy metals in Egyptian spices and medicinal plants and the effect of processing on their levels.Journal of Agriclture and Food Chemistry,Vol. 48,N°. 6, 2000, 2300 – 2304
CHAN, K., Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines (Review). Chemosphere,Vol. 52, 2003, 1361 – 1371
ERNST, E., Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines. Trends Pharmacol Science,Vol. 23,N°. 3, 2002, 136 – 139
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The concentrations of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in samples of some spices
available at some local markets in Syria were determined, after nitric digestion, using
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The study showed differences in metal concentrations
according to the edible part. Studied heavy metals were present in all samples at different
levels. The concentration of Copper (Cu) and Zinc varied from trace to higher
concentration. The maximum level of Copper (Cu) in the spices samples was 0.668 mg/kg.
The maximum level of Zinc (Zn) in the spices samples was 2.523mg/kg. The analytical
results obtained for the heavy metals indicate that the Copper and Zinc were present in all
samples at concentration well below the acceptable daily intake recommended by the
World Health Organization.
Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi) is one of many citrus species that are widely cultivated
in the west Mediterranean coast of Syria, the fruit is rich in flavonoid (a natural medical
compounds), naringin considered the major flavonoid in Grapefruit.
Pr
evious studies have documented a wide range of biological effects and therapeutic
properties that belong to naringin; therefore, it became a raw material in pharmaceutical
industries.
It was the aim of this study is to have naringin extracted from grapefruit by an
economic method, and assign its levels, in preparation for industrial investment.
Two types (red blush) and (march) where collected from three districts in Syrian
coast, they were collected at the beginning of harvest season and at the end of it, fruits
grown in sun light and those grown in shade were collected tow, so that healthy fruit and
partly infected.
A water alkaline method was applied to extract naringin, then a quantitive and
qualitative determination was made to the resulting compound.
Results revealed that naringin content in March grapefruit at the beginning of the
harvest season was 45.53 g/kg and 44.8 g/kg in Red Blush grapefruit so on at the end of the
harvest season it was 10.29 g/kg in March and 9.32 g/kg in Red Rlush.
We have concluded that that Syrian Grapefruit have sufficient naringin cotent for
economical investment, and that water alkaline method is a suitable economic method to
extract naringin from grapefruit white peels.
Formaldehyde is classified by the World Health Organization (International Agency
for Research on Cancer) as a carcinogen in Group 1. The upper limit allowed for use in
cosmetic products as a preservative has to not exceed 0.2%. This study aims to
detect and
determine formaldehyde level in some cosmetic products available in the local market
using acetyl acetone method. Formaldehyde was detected in 77% of the studied cosmetic
products (49 samples) despite the fact that most of them were not labeled formaldehyde or
formaldehyde donor preservatives (about 70%). The amount of formaldehyde in keratin
samples were higher than the allowed limit (0.34% -11.73%) except one sample 0.18%. pH
decrease and temperature increase of keratin samples led to an increase of formaldehyde
level as a result of its release from preservatives.
This study was conducted to determine some heavy minerals in different types of
canned meat sold in the domestic market. Most of those cans were imported and processed
in different countries and they have different brands. The chosen samples after
ashing were
prepared by using concentrated extra pure Nitric and Hydrochloric acids .The ratios of the
minerals )pb , Cd , Ni , Zn , Cu , Mn , Fe ( were determined by Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry , and the content was expressed as (p.p.m) wet weight. It was observed
that the levels of Lead, Iron, and Cadimum, in all different samples were higher than the
permitted limlts according to the Syrian Standards . The Cu level in both , tuna and sardine
was within the permitted limits, but it was higher in the chicken Lunchoen. The level of
Zinc was within the permitted limits according to the Syrian standards. The highest ratio of
Lead was observed in the sardine imported from Morocco which was 8.765 p.p.m and in
the Lunchoen processed in Syria which was 5.18 p.p.m ,and both ratios are much higher
than the permitted limits according to the Syrian Standards.
The free iodine (I2) in povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solutions is responsible for its
bactericidal activity, the bactericidal effect is steadily increased with the free iodine
concentration. This study aims to compare some of povidone-iodine solutions c
ommon at
the local market with one solution produced by Mundipharma company (Betadine®) which
used as a reference. Commercial samples (PVP-I 10%) were obtained from three local
companies (A, B, C), with one batch from each company. The research included
controlling free iodine concentration, pH and evaluation of bactericidal activity by using
disc diffusion method and rapidity of the bactericidal activity on both Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli. The local samples solutions showed low pH values compared
with Betadine®, furthermore, all the solutions extracted by heptane showed high levels of
free iodine with a preference for one local company. The high level of free iodine was
accompanied with an increase of inhibition diameter and rapidity of bactericidal effect.
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