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Register a new userEffect of seed size on some quantitative indicators of growth and development of seedlings of Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.)
تأثير حجم البذور على بعض المؤشرات الكميّة لنمو و تطوّر بادرات الخرنوب Ceratonia siliqua L
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هدفت هذه الدراسة الحصول على شتول متوازنة و متفوقة في نموها, من خلال البحث في تأثير حجم البذور على نموّ و تطور بادرات الخرنوب Ceratonia siliqua L. النامية في أوعية الميني ريزوترونات في غرفة النمو بمركز بحوث اللاذقية. قسمت البذور إلى ثلاث فئات (كبيرة الحجم LS , الشاهد CS , صغيرة الحجم SS) و درست عدة مؤشرات كميّة خاصة بنمو و تطور المجموع الخضري و الجذري للبادرات و لمدة ثلاثة أشهر . بالنسبة للجهاز الجذري, أشارت النتائج إلى تفوق معنوي عالٍ في قيم البذور الكبيرة الخاصة بمعدل نمو الجذر الرئيسي كالطول الكلي (سم) و سرعة النمو (سم/ 3 أيام) و للجذور الثانوية ( العدد الكلي, الطول الكلي/سم) على بذور الشاهد و البذور الصغيرة. و تفوق معنوي لقيم بذور الشاهد على البذور الصغيرة. كما أعطت البذور الكبيرة أعلى القيم بخصوص كافة المؤشرات المتعلقة بالمجموع الخضري كمتوسط القطر و متوسط الطول و متوسط عدد سلاميات الساق و الأوراق, و انتهاءاً بالوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري. دلت النتائج المتعلقة بدراسة منحنيات النمو الدوري للجذر الرئيسي و الساق الرئيسية لبادرات المعاملات الثلاث على وجود تشابه كبير في المظهر العام لهذه المنحنيات مما يشير إلى عدم تأثر هذا المظهر بتغير كمية المدخرات الغذائية في البذور. و من جهة أخرى تمّ ملاحظة ظاهرة التضاد في النمو Antagonism بين المجموعين الخضري و الجذري, فمع أيّ نهاية عظمى لنمو الجذر الرئيسي يرافقها نهاية صغرى في نموّ الساق الرئيسة و العكس بالعكس .
This study aimed to obtain seedlings balanced and superior in growth, by searching the effect of seed size on the growth and development of seedlings of carob tree ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) developing in containers Minirhizotron in the growth room in Research Center in Bouka-Lattakia. Seeds were divided into three categories (large-size LS, control CS, small-sized SS) and studied several quantities indicators of growth and development of the total shoot and root of the seedlings for a period of three months. For a radical system, results indicated a high significant superiority in the large seeds values for the main root of the overall growth rate such as length (cm) and the speed of growth (cm/3days) and secondary roots (total number, total length/cm) height to control and small seeds. And the significant superiority of the seeds of the control on the small seeds. It has also given large seeds higher values regarding all indicators related to the shoot system such as average diameter and average height and average number of phalanges stem and leaves, and ending with the dry weight of shoots. Results for the study of periodic growth curves for the main root and main stem of the three treatments indicated the presence of a great similarity in the overall appearance of these curves, which refers that the appearance is not affected by this change in the amount of seed size. On the other hand, the phenomenon was observed in contrast growth Antagonism clearly between the totals shoot and root with any end to the growth of main root accompanied by a junior at the end of the main stem growth and vice versa.
References used
AMIN, T. Etude du devdloppementde I,appareil radical dejeunes plants de maditerranees envuede I,amelioration de la reprise pourle reboisement. These de Economies et des Sciences doctorate: Universite, de Droit , Aix – Marseile – France, 1988,128 P
BATTLE, I., TOUS, J. Carob Tree. Ceratonia siliqua L. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy,1997.
CHAUDHRY, A.V and HUSSAIN,I. Influence of seed size and seed rate on phenology , yield and quality of wheat .Pak J . BioL. Res , 4(4),2001, 414-416
rate research
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The effect of different treatments on carob seed germination was studied.
The results showed that, seed scarification was the most effective method in
increasing germination rate as well as the use of concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 minutes
reac
hing 100%, followed by the treatment with alcohol for 60 minutes, and immersing
seeds in hot water for 60 minutes.
The results also indicated that the speed of germination when seeds were scarified
was the best (I.D.=14.5), followed by the treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid for 30
minutes (I.D.=21.5), alcohol for 60 minutes (I.D.= 38) and immersing seeds in hot water
for 60 minutes (ID.=60).
The aim of this study was to determine the best size and shape of containers to produce higher quality seedlings, and determine which treatments (moving the seedlings to other beds, or transfer to bigger containers, or pruning the shoot and root syst
em of Ceratonia siliqua seedlings in the nursery) are the best for growth and stabilization in out planting. The study showed that the control seedlings D1 which were growing in traditional plastic containers (1 liter) gave low survival rate which did not exceed 20%, and this was due to numerous reasons mainly roots deformation. Seedlings D8, the containers(2 liters) improved the morphological characteristics of root and shoot system and reduced the roots deformation, which led to higher survival rate reached more than 82%. While the deep containers and the air pruning improved the structure and spread the root system of seedlings D9 and limited the roots deformation, which led to higher survival ratio reached more than 95%. Moving the seedlings to other beds in the nursery improved the survival rate in out planting, which amounted ,in D2, to more than 95% and in D3 over than 67%. Also, the study confirmed that cutting the developing top of shoot system and leaving the seedlings in the beds until their planting date D4 did not give a significant effect compared to D5 in which the developing top of their shoot system was cut and was transferred to bags of (12 liters) with pruning the root system, and the survival rate was more than 72% in D4, and over 62% in D5. Regarding to survival rate under the influence of transport operations to larger bags, the D7 which was transferred to bags of 3 liters capacity surpassed in significant differences and was 77.5% compared to D5 and D6 which was transferred to 12 liters bags, where the survival rate in which was 62.5%.
This research was conducated on Ceratonia siliqua L. in vitro to study the effect of
some growth regulators in both multiplication and rooting stage. And determine the best
concentrations wich lead the highest rate of multiplication (interms of number of shoots
and length), and the best rooting (interms of percentage of rooting, number of roots and
length).
This research was carried out during 2014 - 2015 in Scientific Centre for Agricultural
Researches. This research aims to determine the effect of some biological and genetic
indicators on the success of Carob seedlings in nurseries by studying three
kinds of
grafting: Auto-grafting, Homo-grafting and Hetero-grafting. Rootstock aged one year and
resulted by two chosen genetic types, namely, SnobarJablah and Alhafa were used. Scions,
they were taken either from seedlings with age of one year resulted by these two types or
from branches aged one year from the selected two types as well. Grafting was conducted
by using Whip Graft way in spring.
Auto-grafting has indicated the importance and the role of biological and genetic
factors for grafts and their impact on rates of grafting success. Concerning rates of success,
the results have shown that Auto-grafting surpassed Hetero-grafting with a significant
reference for both of two genetic types, regardless if the used scion was young or old.
In addition, Auto-grafting has shown surpass on other kinds of grafting, in terms of
subsequent growth of scions. On the other hand, a variety in biological indicators values
has been noticed between the two genetic studied types. In favour of SnobarJablahtype
againstAlhafaʼs type. However, the differences of values were not significant for the most
of conducted measures.
As for the age of scions, the results have pointed out that values of Hetero-grafting
with young scions surpassed values of Hetero-grafting with old scions in terms of the rate
of grafting success and values of biological studied indicators.
The research aimed to study the effect of size of container on the growth of
seedlings pepper "Snapper". Two different sizes of plastic containers, with
dimensions 8×8 cm and12×12 cm were used, Results showed that the use of
containers with large
dimensions had increased the growth of seedlings
compared with the use of smaller ones. A significant increase, of about 14%
was observed in the average length of seedlings and about 16% in the average
number of leaves produced in the large containers as compared with seedlings
produced in smaller ones. Also the fresh wet weight, whether for the plant or its
separate parts was significantly higher in seedlings produced in the large
containers. The plant fresh wet weight in the large container was 26.98 g vs.,
2.27 g in the smaller ones.
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