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Register a new userData Acquisition System Design Using a Microcontroller and Digital Elliptic Filters that are able to Remove Noise from EEG signals
تصميم نظام تحصيل بيانات بالاعتماد على متحكم صغري و مرشحات رقمية ذات استجابة إهليلجية ELLIPTIC RESPONSE قابل للاستخدام في إلغاء الضجيج المرافق لإشارات التخطيط الكهربائي للدماغ EEG
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إنّ كَون مطال إشارات التخطيط الكهربائي للدماغ EEG شديد الصّغر يجعل من الصعب التقاطها بدون التقاط الكثير من إشارات الضجيج (الناتجة عن العوامل الموجودة في الوسط المحيط) التي تؤثّر على إشارة تخطيط الدماغ الأصلية، و لذلك سيكون استخدام المرشحات ضرورة حتمية لحذف الضجيج و الحصول على إشارة صحيحة و واضحة. سنتطرق في هذه الدراسة لتصميم دارة إلكترونية بالاعتماد على متحكم صغري و مضخم تجهيزي Instrumentation Amplifier و مضخم عملياتي Operational Amplifier تقوم بثلاث عمليات أساسية، هي استقبال إشارات تخطيط كهربائي من رأس (دماغ) المريض ثم تحويلها من الشكل التشابهي إلى الشكل الرقمي، ثم إرسال الإشارة الرقمية الناتجة إلى مجموعة مكونة من ثلاثة مرشحات رقمية. كما سنتطرق لتصميم ثلاثة مرشحات رقمية ذات استجابة إهليلجية Elliptic Response قابلة للاستخدام في الزمن الحقيقي للمساهمة في عملية ترشيح الضجيج المتراكب مع إشارات تخطيط الدماغ الكهربائية (التي تُظهِر حالة دماغ المريض) لتكون ضمن الجزء البرمجي المتمّم للجزء الداراتي في نظام التقاط هذه الإشارات. و في النهاية سنقوم بعرض طريقة استخدام الدارة الإلكترونية المصمّمة مع المرشحات الرقمية الثلاثة المصممّة و عرض النتائج و مناقشتها. تم استخدام البرنامج Eagle 6.6 لتصميم و رسم الدارة الإلكترونية، و البرنامج CodeVision AVR 3.12 لكتابة البرنامج المثبَّت على المتحكم الصغري، كما تم استخدام البرنامج Mathworks MATLAB 2014a لتصميم المرشحات الرقمية و الأداة Mathworks MATLAB 2014a Simulink لإجراء التجارب و الحصول على النتائج.
Since Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have very small magnitude, it's very hard to capture these signals without having noise (produced by surrounding artifacts) affect the real EEG signals, so it is necessary to use Filters to remove noise. This work proposes a design of an electronic circuit using a microcontroller, an instrumentation amplifier and an operational amplifier able to capture EEG signals, convert the captured signals from analog state to digital one and send the converted signal (digital signal) to a group of three digital filters. This paper gives a design of three digital elliptic filters ready to be used in real time filtering of EEG signals (which preliminary represents the condition of the brain) making the software part which complements the hardware part in the EEG signals capturing system. Finally we are going to show the way of using the designed electronic circuit with the three designed digital filters, demonstrate and discuss the results of this work. We have used Eagle 6.6 software to design and draw the circuit, CodeVision AVR 3.12 software to write the program downloaded on the microcontroller, Mathworks MATLAB 2014a software to design the three digital filters and Mathworks MATLAB 2014a Simulink tool to make the appropriate experiments and get the results.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تصميم نظام لتحصيل بيانات إشارات التخطيط الكهربائي للدماغ (EEG) باستخدام متحكم صغري ومرشحات رقمية ذات استجابة إهليلجية. نظراً لصغر مطال إشارات EEG، فإنها تتعرض للضجيج المحيط، مما يجعل استخدام المرشحات ضرورياً للحصول على إشارات واضحة. تم تصميم دارة إلكترونية تتضمن مضخم تجهيزي ومضخم عملياتي لالتقاط إشارات EEG من دماغ المريض، ثم تحويلها من الشكل التماثلي إلى الرقمي وإرسالها إلى مجموعة من ثلاثة مرشحات رقمية. تم تصميم المرشحات الرقمية باستخدام برنامج MATLAB 2014a، وتمت محاكاة النتائج باستخدام أداة Simulink. أظهرت النتائج فعالية النظام في إزالة الضجيج من إشارات EEG، مما يساهم في تحسين دقة التشخيص الطبي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: على الرغم من أن الدراسة تقدم حلاً مبتكراً وفعّالاً لتحصيل إشارات EEG وتنقيتها من الضجيج، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البيئية المختلفة على أداء النظام، مثل التداخل الكهرومغناطيسي من الأجهزة الأخرى. ثانياً، كان من الممكن تقديم تحليل أكثر تفصيلاً حول أداء المرشحات الرقمية مقارنة بالمرشحات التماثلية التقليدية. ثالثاً، لم يتم مناقشة تكلفة النظام بشكل كافٍ، مما يجعل من الصعب تقييم جدواه الاقتصادية. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن توسيع الدراسة لتشمل تطبيقات أخرى مثل إشارات التخطيط الكهربائي للقلب (ECG) لتقديم رؤية أوسع حول إمكانيات النظام.
Questions related to the research
-
ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من استخدام المرشحات الرقمية في نظام تحصيل بيانات EEG؟
الهدف الرئيسي هو إزالة الضجيج المتراكب مع إشارات التخطيط الكهربائي للدماغ للحصول على إشارات واضحة ودقيقة تساعد في التشخيص الطبي.
-
ما هي البرامج التي تم استخدامها في تصميم ومحاكاة النظام؟
تم استخدام برنامج Eagle 6.6 لتصميم ورسم الدارة الإلكترونية، وبرنامج CodeVision AVR لكتابة البرنامج المثبت على المتحكم الصغري، وبرنامج Mathworks MATLAB 2014a لتصميم المرشحات الرقمية وأداة Simulink لإجراء التجارب والحصول على النتائج.
-
ما هي التحديات التي تواجه التقاط إشارات EEG؟
التحديات تشمل صغر مطال إشارات EEG والتداخل مع إشارات الضجيج المحيطة، مما يجعل من الصعب الحصول على إشارات دقيقة بدون استخدام مرشحات فعّالة.
-
كيف يمكن تحسين النظام المقترح في المستقبل؟
يمكن تحسين النظام من خلال دراسة تأثير العوامل البيئية المختلفة على أدائه، وتقديم تحليل أكثر تفصيلاً حول أداء المرشحات الرقمية مقارنة بالمرشحات التماثلية، ومناقشة تكلفة النظام بشكل أوسع، وتوسيع الدراسة لتشمل تطبيقات أخرى مثل إشارات التخطيط الكهربائي للقلب (ECG).
References used
Choy, TT.; Leung, PM. Real time microprocessor-based 50 Hz notch filter for ECG, J Biomed Eng. ,1988 May
Ferdjallah, M.; Barr, RE. Frequency domain digital filtering techniques for the removal of power line noise with application to the electrocardiogram, Computer Biomed Res. ,1990 Oct
Wu, Y.; Yang, Y. A new digital filter method for eliminating 50Hz interference from the ECG, Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi.,1999 May
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