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Register a new userEvaluating the Procedures of Detecting Creative Accounting Techniques in Syrian Shareholding Companies by the External Auditor: A Field Study
تقويم إجراءات كشف أساليب المحاسبة الإبداعيّة المطبّقة في الشركات المساهمة السّوريّة من قبل المدقّق الخارجي /دراسة ميدانيّة/
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إنّ الهدف الرّئيس للبحث هو التّعرّف على واقع تطبيق أساليب المحاسبة الإبداعيّة في الشّركات المساهمة السّوريّة، و تقويم الإجراءات المطبّقة من قبل مدققي الحسابات و الكفيلة بكشف تلك الأساليب. لتحقيق هدف البحث تم إجراء دراسة ميدانيّة على مدققي حسابات الشّركات المساهمة السّوريّة. عن طريق استخدام استبانة لجمع البيانات من أفراد مجتمع البحث المكوّن من مدققي الحسابات المعتمدين من قبل وزارة المالية، و المسموح لهم بتدقيق الشركات المساهمة و تم توزيعها على (300) مدقق حسابات من أصل (493) مدقق حسابات، و استُردّ منها (125) استبانة، و تمّ تفريغ (115) استبانة لأنها صالحة للتحليل. توصّل البحث إلى أنّ الشّركات المساهمة السوريّة تطبّق أساليب المحاسبة الإبداعيّة بنسب متفاوتة، و احتلّ أسلوب التّمويل خارج الميزانيّة المرتبة الأولى من حيث درجة التّطبيق بالنّسبة إلى باقي الأساليب. كما توصّل البحث إلى أنّه لا يوجد اهتمام كافٍ من قبل المدقق الخارجي بتطبيق إجراءات كشف المحاسبة الإبداعيّة في الشّركات المساهمة السّوريّة.
The main objective of this research is to identify the reality of implementing creative accounting techniques in Syrian shareholding companies, and evaluating the procedures of detecting them by the external auditor. To achieve this objective, a field study is conducted by using a questionnaire to collect data from auditors accredited by the Finance Ministry and authorized to audit shareholding companies. The questionnaire is distributed to 300 out of 493 auditors. 125 copies are returned, and 115 of them are suitable for analysis. This study concludes that Syrian shareholding companies implement techniques of creative accounting with varying rates. compared to other techniques, Off-Balance Sheet Financing technique is ranked first in implementation. This research also shows that the external auditor does pay enough attention to implementing the procedures of detecting creative accounting in Syrian shareholding companies.
References used
Amat. O., and Gowthorpe, C.-Creative Accounting: Nature, Incidence and Ethical Issue- Journal of Economic Literature classification, M41, 2005, p 1-21
Griffiths, I.- Creative Accounting- 4th ed, Sedgwick and Jackson, London, 1980,p.30
Jamal, K., and Tan, Hung-Tong- Joint Effects of Principle Based Versus Rule-Based Standard and Auditor Type in Constraining Financial Managers Aggressive Reporting", The Accounting Review, Vol. 85, No. 4. 2010, pp.1325-1346
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The study aims to determine the level of the relationship between creative accounting
techniques applied in shareholding corporations and their motivation through a field study
that was undertaken on the auditors of shareholding companies. To achie
ve the objective of
this study, a questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data from the population of the
study which is composed of auditors appointed by the Ministry of Finance, and authorized
to audit shareholding companies. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 out of 493
auditors. 125 questionnaires were returned, and 115 questionnaires were suitable for
analysis..
The study showed difference in estimation of external auditor of the degree of
application of Syrian companies for creative accounting techniques in preparing financial
statements due to scientific qualification, the certificate of professional accounting, and
accounting specialization. And a stronger relationship appeared between the influence
technique on the items of the financial position statement and the motivation to achieve
specific figures of profit, and the relationship between political costs avoidance and the
technique of influence on income statement got the second highest on the level of power.
Correlation results between management techniques and their motivation showed that to
achieve a certain motive, management might follow more than one technique, they may
apply, for example, a technique that influence the items of statement of financial position,
statement of cash flows, off-balance sheet financing, in order to achieve specific figures of
profit.
The main objective of this research is to identify the Factors Affecting Competitive
Ability of the Syrian External Auditor. To achieve the objective of this research, a field
study was conducted by using a questionnaire to collect data from the po
pulation of the
study which is composed of auditors accredited by the Finance Ministry, and authorized to
audit shareholding companies. The questionnaire was distributed to 275 out of 493
auditors. 117 copies were returned, and 115 of them were suitable for analysis.
The researcher concluded that the Factors Affecting Competitive Ability of the
Syrian External Auditor, is the level of audit quality, the preexistent degree of International
Accounting Standards, operation of auditors fees definition, size firm, and non audit
services, and social influence of accounting firm, industrialist specialize of auditor, and
the exist of audit committee at the client.
This study attempts to answer the following main question, what is the impact of social responsibility and job satisfaction on performance of the Syrian Shareholding Companies? And therefore its results can help these companies to clarify the practic
es that lead to improve its competitiveness, by increasing their compatibility with their employees and the community in which they operate
The auditing profession is held to be important in society, due to the various services
it provides for many parties ,through the vocational technical and neutral report of the
external auditor of concerned financial data.
Therefore ,he will be re
sponsible towards those parties legally, professionally and
morally ,and must act in accordance with professional work level (standards),and the rules
and ethics of professional conduct.
In Syria ,the checker works in the field of accounting and auditing ,according to Act
no./33/ of 2009,issued by auditing and accounting council .The research aims to show the
extent of the use of auditors in Syria of the international auditing standard no./570/related
to the continuity of the establishment in its work ,and the presence of essential doubt in its
capacity to continue and the suitability of these indicators with specified indicators in the
above cited standard.
This research work also aims to identify the additional audit procedures followed by
the auditors in the event of the presence of certain circumstances that may affect the
continuity of the business, and the suitability of these specific actions mentioned in the
standard.
The research found that the most important indicators that help auditors assess the
continuity of the establishment, in case there is significant doubt about the ability of the
establishment under consideration to continue, are as follows: the presence of frequent
financial losses, an increase in current liabilities to current assets, delayed distribution of
profits for a number of years. Thus, The most important additional audit procedures carried
out by the auditors will be the analysis and discussion of cash flow and profits with the
management.
After the collapse of major international companies, the attention has been increased
to provide appropriate mechanisms to reduce the causes of these collapses. Some of
these causes were related to fraud in financial reporting. One of the used
mec
hanisms is the audit committee which plays the role of supervisor in the
companies.
The objective of this research is to study the role of audit committees in reducing
fraud in the Syrian public companies, and to achieve this goal, the researcher has
prepared questionnaire which has been distributed to some members of audit
committees in the Syrian public companies and some external auditors, the
questionnaire has included audit committees’ characteristics and their tasks which
would reduce fraud. The researcher has found that audit committees’ characteristics
and their tasks reduce fraud according to the research samples.
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