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The role of political parties in shaping public policy

دور الأحزاب السياسية في صنع السياسة العامة

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Political parties are of the most important political organizations which affect directly the movement of political system and guarantee its and stability and continuousness .They play an important role in activating political life . And they became an essential aspect of democratic systems . Performance of parties has it reflections positively or negatively on the quality of political life and on the level of democratic development and political modernization and activity of political system which is considered a reflection of the parties system that is dominant in the state . Political parties have an important role in making public policy and framing it as they are channels of political partnership of citizens, and organized political communication in society . Policy scientists consider them the strong organized basis for the connection of summit and base and a communication station which is necessary between citizens and authority .This study is an attempt to acknowledge public society which is a difficult and complex political process . The nature and procedures of its shaping differ from a state to another according to political system and the role of government and non-government entities and political parties are of them . The research deals with the role of political parties in shaping the public policy of the state , planning , execution and evaluation , by looking at their role in planning the public policy of the state mainly throughout their presence and representation in the legislative authority. And also by highlighting the role of parties in implementation of public policy throughout sharing in the executive authority and the volume of this partnership. And also knowing the role of parties in the process of evaluation of public policy, because actual, active and objective evaluation is the basis of the success of public policy in achieving its goals .The study finds out that parties can plan , implement and evaluate public policy, if they reach authority and in consequence they shall apply their programs via laws which they enact in (Legislative authority) or by implementation of laws in (Executive authority – Government)or by their presence in opposition and here they may use many methods and ways to exert pressure on and affect authority.


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Research summary
تناولت الدراسة دور الأحزاب السياسية في صنع السياسة العامة، حيث تُعد الأحزاب السياسية من أهم التنظيمات السياسية التي تؤثر بشكل مباشر على سير وحركة النظام السياسي وضمان استمراره واستقراره. تسعى الدراسة إلى التعرف على ماهية السياسة العامة التي هي عملية سياسية تتميز بالصعوبة والتعقيد، وتختلف طبيعة وإجراءات وطرق صنعها من دولة إلى أخرى تبعاً للنظام السياسي ودور الأجهزة الحكومية وغير الحكومية، ومنها الأحزاب السياسية. تناولت الدراسة دور الأحزاب السياسية في رسم وتخطيط السياسة العامة للدولة، لاسيما من خلال وجودها وتمثيلها في السلطة التشريعية، وكذلك دورها في تنفيذ السياسة العامة من خلال مشاركتها في السلطة التنفيذية وحجم هذه المشاركة. كما تناولت الدراسة دور الأحزاب في عملية تقييم السياسة العامة، لأن التقييم الفعال والموضوعي والحقيقي يُعد أساس نجاح السياسة العامة في تحقيق أهدافها. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الأحزاب قد تكون مخططاً ومنفذاً ومقيماً للسياسة العامة إن وصلت إلى السلطة، وبالتالي ستقوم بتطبيق برامجها عن طريق القوانين التي ستسنها في السلطة التشريعية أو عن طريق تنفيذها للقوانين في السلطة التنفيذية أو عن طريق تواجدها في المعارضة، وهنا قد تقوم باستخدام وسائل وطرق عديدة للضغط والتأثير على السلطة.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعد الدراسة شاملة ومفصلة في تناولها لدور الأحزاب السياسية في صنع السياسة العامة، إلا أنها قد تكون قد أغفلت بعض الجوانب العملية لتطبيق هذه الأدوار في الواقع السياسي العربي. فبينما تناولت الدراسة دور الأحزاب في الدول الديمقراطية بشكل عام، لم تتناول بشكل كافٍ التحديات الخاصة التي تواجه الأحزاب في الدول النامية أو الدول ذات الأنظمة السياسية غير المستقرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون من المفيد لو تم تضمين دراسات حالة محددة لتوضيح النقاط النظرية بشكل أفضل. كما أن الدراسة قد استفاضت في الجانب النظري دون تقديم حلول عملية أو توصيات واضحة لتعزيز دور الأحزاب في صنع السياسة العامة في الدول التي تعاني من ضعف في هذا المجال.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الأدوار التي تقوم بها الأحزاب السياسية في صنع السياسة العامة؟

    تقوم الأحزاب السياسية بدور مهم في رسم وتخطيط السياسة العامة، تنفيذها، وتقييمها. فهي تعمل على وضع السياسات من خلال وجودها في السلطة التشريعية، تنفيذها من خلال مشاركتها في السلطة التنفيذية، وتقييمها من خلال متابعة نتائج السياسات وتقديم النقد البناء.

  2. كيف تؤثر الأحزاب السياسية على السياسة العامة في الدول الديمقراطية؟

    في الدول الديمقراطية، تؤثر الأحزاب السياسية على السياسة العامة من خلال تمثيلها في السلطة التشريعية والتنفيذية، حيث تقوم بوضع القوانين والسياسات وتنفيذها. كما تلعب دوراً في المعارضة من خلال تقديم النقد والمقترحات البديلة، مما يساهم في تحسين السياسات العامة.

  3. ما هي التحديات التي تواجه الأحزاب السياسية في الدول النامية في صنع السياسة العامة؟

    تواجه الأحزاب السياسية في الدول النامية تحديات عديدة مثل ضعف البنية التحتية السياسية، نقص الموارد، التدخلات الحكومية، والقيود القانونية. كما تعاني من قلة المشاركة الشعبية وضعف التمثيل في المؤسسات السياسية.

  4. ما هو دور المعارضة في تقييم السياسة العامة؟

    تلعب المعارضة دوراً مهماً في تقييم السياسة العامة من خلال نقد السياسات الحكومية وكشف الأخطاء وتقديم البدائل. هذا الدور يساهم في تحسين السياسات العامة وضمان تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة منها.


References used
(Duverger(Maurice), (1952). Les partis politiques, Paris: edition Armand, colin.(pp392-305
Charles Q. Jones,(1977). An Introduction to the study of public: policy 2and edition (North Scituate, MA: Duxbury
David Eastton,(1979). Analyse de system politique, Paris: traduction de P.r. Armand Colin
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