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Influence of tillage depths, timing of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and productivity indicators, and seeds chemical composition of peanut plant

تأثير أعماق الحراثة و موعد إضافة السماد الأزوتي في بعض مؤشرات النمو و الإنتاجية و التركيب الكيميائي لبذور الفول السوداني

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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A field experiment was conducted in Agriculture collage –Tishreen University for two years 2011&2012 to evaluate the effect of tillage depths and nitrogen fertilizer timing application on growth productivity indicators and seeds' chemical composition of peanut plant. The experiment was designed in split plots with three replicates. The main plots included shallow tillage (8-10) cm, medium tillage (18- 20) cm and deep tillage (28- 30) cm tillage depths D1, D2, D3 respectively. Timing application (split- plots) were: T1 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at planting ,T2 half nitrogen applied at planting and half at flowering ,T3 all nitrogen fertilizer applied at flowering .Deep tillage caused significant differences and increased leaf area index to (11.93,11.80) for the two seasons respectively . For dry weight/plant were (285.9, 266.6) g for two seasons respectively and seeds index arrived highest values (74.32, 74.53) g for two seasons respectively. Tillage depth increased protein and oil percentage in seeds, but the effect was insignificant. Timing of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on leaf area index. The best values were (11.80, 11.60) for two seasons respectively in the treatment T2, and dry weight/plant (283.0, 263.4) g/plant respectively. Significant effect was observed for seeds index. The highest values were (74.41, 74.21) g for two seasons respectively in the treatment T2, so that for protein percentage in seeds arrived highest values (24.35, 25.24) % respectively in the treatment T2. But the highest values of oil percentage were (47.10, 47.21) % for two seasons respectively in the treatmentT3. Interaction (D x T) had significant effect on leaf area index. The best values were (12.53, 12.07) for two season respectively at (D3 x T2) interaction treatments. This interaction had no significant effects on the rest of the indicators


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تأثير أعماق الحراثة وموعد إضافة السماد الأزوتي على بعض مؤشرات النمو والإنتاجية والتركيب الكيميائي لبذور الفول السوداني. أجريت التجربة في كلية الزراعة بجامعة تشرين خلال موسمي 2011 و2012، حيث تم استخدام ثلاثة أعماق للحراثة: سطحية (8-10 سم)، متوسطة (18-20 سم)، وعميقة (28-30 سم)، بالإضافة إلى ثلاثة مواعيد لإضافة السماد الأزوتي: كامل الكمية عند الزراعة، مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار، وكامل الكمية عند الإزهار. أظهرت النتائج أن زيادة عمق الحراثة أدت إلى تحسين مؤشرات النمو مثل دليل المساحة الورقية والوزن الجاف للنبات، كما زادت نسبة البروتين والزيت في البذور، ولكن الفروق لم تكن معنوية. من جهة أخرى، كان لموعد إضافة السماد الأزوتي تأثير معنوي على هذه المؤشرات، حيث تفوق الموعد الثاني (مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار) في تحسين دليل المساحة الورقية والوزن الجاف ودليل البذور ونسبة البروتين، بينما تفوق الموعد الثالث (كامل الكمية عند الإزهار) في زيادة نسبة الزيت في البذور. توصي الدراسة باستخدام الحراثة العميقة وإضافة السماد الأزوتي مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار لتحسين إنتاجية ونوعية الفول السوداني.
Critical review
تعد هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال تحسين إنتاجية الفول السوداني، إلا أن هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تناولها بالنقد البناء. أولاً، لم تتناول الدراسة تأثيرات أخرى محتملة مثل تأثير نوع التربة أو الظروف المناخية المختلفة على النتائج، مما يمكن أن يؤثر على تعميم النتائج. ثانياً، لم يتم دراسة تأثير الجرعات المختلفة من السماد الأزوتي، مما قد يفتح المجال لمزيد من البحث في هذا الجانب. ثالثاً، كان من الممكن استخدام تقنيات تحليلية أكثر تطوراً لقياس المؤشرات الكيميائية للنباتات، مما قد يعطي نتائج أكثر دقة وموثوقية. وأخيراً، لم تتناول الدراسة الجوانب الاقتصادية لتطبيق هذه الممارسات الزراعية، وهو جانب مهم يجب مراعاته لتحقيق الاستدامة الاقتصادية للمزارعين.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو تأثير عمق الحراثة على مؤشرات النمو والإنتاجية لبذور الفول السوداني؟

    أظهرت الدراسة أن زيادة عمق الحراثة أدت إلى تحسين مؤشرات النمو مثل دليل المساحة الورقية والوزن الجاف للنبات، كما زادت نسبة البروتين والزيت في البذور، ولكن الفروق لم تكن معنوية.

  2. ما هو أفضل موعد لإضافة السماد الأزوتي لتحسين مؤشرات النمو والإنتاجية؟

    تفوق الموعد الثاني (مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار) في تحسين دليل المساحة الورقية والوزن الجاف ودليل البذور ونسبة البروتين، بينما تفوق الموعد الثالث (كامل الكمية عند الإزهار) في زيادة نسبة الزيت في البذور.

  3. هل كانت الفروق في نسبة البروتين والزيت معنوية بين المعاملات المختلفة؟

    لم تكن الفروق في نسبة البروتين معنوية بين المعاملات المختلفة، ولكن الفروق في نسبة الزيت كانت معنوية.

  4. ما هي التوصيات الرئيسية التي خرجت بها الدراسة؟

    توصي الدراسة باستخدام الحراثة العميقة (28-30 سم) وإضافة السماد الأزوتي مناصفة بين الزراعة والإزهار لتحسين إنتاجية ونوعية الفول السوداني.


References used
ANONYMOUS. Production year Book, Food and Agricultural Organization, PAO STAT database. http://www.PAT, organization, Rome,2005,(11):68-69. 3- AKHTAR J., MEHDI S.M., OBAID-UR-REHMAN , MAHMOOD .K., SARFRAZ,. M.. Effect of deep tillage practices on moisture preservation and yield of groundnut under rainfed conditions .J. Agric Soci. Sci. 2005.1(2):98-101
ALAMOUTI, M. Y., NAVABZADEH, M. Investigating of plowing depth effect on some soil physical properties. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences . 2007. (10):4510 – 4514
CHANDLER , J. V. , COSTAR , R .C. , BONETA , E. G. High crop produced with and without tillage on three tropical soils of the humid region of Porto RicoBulletin.1996.(50) :146-150. 6- CHAUDHARY ,M.R.,GAJRI, P.R , PRIHAR ,S.S . , KHERA,R. Effect of deep tillage on soil physical properties and maize yield on coarse textured soils .Soil and Tillage Res. 1985.(6):31-44
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