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Register a new userStrengthening of Masonry Arches under Vertical Loads Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
تقـوية الأقواس الحجـرية تحت تـأثير الأحمال الشــاقولية باستعمال البوليميرات المسلحة بالألياف (FRP)
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تم في هذا البحث دراسة تأثير البوليميرات المسلحة بالألياف (FRP) على رفع قدرة التحمل الحدية للأقواس الحجرية تحت تأثير الحمولات الشاقولية؛ و ذلك باستخدام النمذجة العددية وفق طريقة العناصر المحدودة (Finite Element Analysis) حيث تم استخدام تحليل لاخطي يأخذ بالاعتبار لاخطية المادة (Materially non-linear analysis). و قد تمت دراسة تأثير تغيير الخصائص البعدية لشريحة الـ FRP في قدرة تحمل القوس، حيث أثبت في نهاية هذه الدراسة أن استخدام سماكة صغيرة من شريحة الـ FRP، و في أماكن موضعية محددة تؤدي إلى رفع قدرة تحمل القوس بشكل كبير.
It is well known that arch is a main part of the historical structures. Therefore, many techniques are used to strengthen these arches. In this paper, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is used to reinforce the arch under vertical loads. Materially Non-Linear Analysis (MNLA) is performed to demonstrate the behavior of the arch with and without the FRP. On the other hand, the effect of FRP lamina thickness and length is undertaken in this research. This paper shows that a small amount of the FRP to some local areas can enhance the ultimate strength of the arch significantly.
References used
BS EN 1996-1-1:2005. EUROCODE 6- Design of Masonry Structures، Part 1-1: General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures. Brussels: CEN، 2005، 124
BEUERMAN، T.E. Inventory of Repairing and Strengthening Techniques for Masonry Arch Bridges. Master’s Thesis، University: (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya)، Spain، 2009، 106
BJURSTROM، H.; LASELL، J. Capacity Assessment of a Single Span Arch Bridge with Backfill. Master’s Thesis، Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)، Stockholm، Sweden، 2009، 101
SANSHEZ، I.B. Strengthening of arched masonry structures with composite materials. Ph.D. Thesis، University of Minho، Department of Civil Engineering، Portugal، 2007، 232
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Analysis of The results for one of the most important
experimental tests on masonry arches strengthened at their
extrados or at their intrados by fiber reinforced polymer
(FRP)strips;shows that the presence of the fibers prevents the
brittle coll
apse that occur in plain arch because of formation of
four hinges, therefore (depending on position and amount of
reinforcement) in strengthened arches, there are three possible
mechanisms : 1- masonry crushing , 2- detachment of fibers, and
3- sliding along a mortar joint due to the shear stresses. Some
analytical approaches describing these mechanisms are discussed
and a comparison between the theoretical values that give and
the experimental results was performed to show the agreements ,
according to analytical study of the experimental results
strengthening by fibers enhances the strength and ductility of
strengthened arches, the width of strips and the bond between
them and masonry are so important to perform optimum
strengthening.
This paper makes an experimental and analytical investigation of cracks characteristics in Fiber Reinforced Polymer strengthened RC beams under different levels of sustained load and Reinforced ratio.
As the equations available for conventional RC b
eams are inappropriate for the calculation of the short-term crack width in FRP-strengthened RC beams[8], a statistical analysis is carried out on available test data from international sources [6-9-10] and from the test results obtained in the current study (Concrete Labor- Civil engineering Department- Damascus University-2014) to establish a new equation that considers the effect of the FRP laminates. This equation is a correlation of stress in steel bars, concrete surface tension , and effective side cover.
The long-term crack width is then related to the instantaneous crack width by empirical equations which are derived from the test results obtained in the current study.
Frame structures contribute to resist the seismic loads. On the other hand, frames
work efficiently to increase the ductility of buildings. Therefore, many techniques were
used to improve the resistance against lateral loads where steel shear walls
are considered
to be one of these ways.
This research aims to study the effect of inserting steel shear wall on the resistance of
the reinforced concrete frame against earthquake loads. In this study, Finite Element
Method (FEM) using Geometrically and Materially Non-Linear Analysis (GMNLA) was
performed. Pushover analysis is used to explore the behavior of the steel plate in-filled
reinforced concrete frame against lateral loads. Moreover, the effect of plate thickness was
undertaken. On the other hand, an opening is made in this plate. Then, the influence of the
position and dimension of this opening on the resistance was observed.
This study shows that using a steel plate shear wall with or without opening can
enhance the resistance to seismic loads significantly together with the deflection decrease.
RC moment-resisting frames (RCMRFs) have commonly been used for low-to-moderate rise buildings in
seismic prone regions. RCMRFs can perform well when they are subjected to strong earthquake ground
motions if they are properly designed and detailed
to dissipate the seismic input energy through
deformations in inelastic range. The connections between beams and columns thus become critical
components to the performance of these structures.
In conventional RCMRF connections, the width of the beam does not exceed the width of the column.
Adopting a flat beam system for the design scheme provides many advantages, such as the reducing the
amount of formwork required, the simplicity for repetition, and the decrease of the required story height.
RCMRFs with flat beams have been used extensively, despite the lack of sufficient information on how
this system behaves under earthquake loading which leads the codes to restrict the use of flat beamcolumn
connections in earthquake prone regions.
The aim of this study is improving the durability of precast products of Glass Fiber
Reinforced Concrete (GRC) and in the context of sustainability applications, reduction of
cement consumption and replacement of it with green materials. This study
has been done
to test the role of the natural pozzolan from Shihan Hill in As Suwayda as supplementary
cementing material by 10% -15% -20% - 25%, and to determine the effect of it on the
consistency and flexure strength over 180 days, as well as to test its role in improving the
micro-structure of the mixture by reducing the content of Ca(OH)2 and increasing C-S-H
& C-A-S-H gel, which were tested using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive
X-Ray (EDX) techniques, and as a result reduced the erosion of fibers as shown in images
by Scanning Electronic Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover the role of pozzolana has
been studied in controlling the degradation of the material over time which tested by
immersion in hot water 50° for 150 days and by drying – wetting cycles. Also the effect of
pozzolana on absorption, porosity and resistance of sulfates attacks was studied. The
results have shown that the used natural pozzolana has no negative effect on consistency or
mechanical properties, and it improved all the studied durability factors.
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