أجريت الد ا رسة على 90 صوص وزعت إلى ثلاث مجموعات أعطيت الأولى 0.75 غ/لتر من نترات البوتاسيو و الثانية 1غ/لتر، و بقيت الثالثة كشاهدة للمقارنة ربيت جميعها في غرفة و أعطيت العلف نفسه دون أية إضافات و لم تلقح و لم تعطى أي صاد حيوي . تم ذبح الصيصان بعد إعطائها النترات لمدة 30 يوما متواصلا . و تمت معاينتها تشريحيا و أخذت الغدة التيموسية (التوتة) و ثبتت بالفورمالين ثم تم دمجها و تقطيعها و صباغتها و دراستها مجهريا .
كانت التغيرات النسيجية متقاربة جدا في المجموعات التي أعطيت النترات بجرعات 1غ/لتر و 0.75 غ/ لتر . و كانت أهم التغيرات التي لاحظناها في المجموعة الأولى و الثانية هي صغر حجم منطقة القشرة في بعض الفصيصات و فصلها بحدود واضحة عن اللب إضافة إلى زيادة كبيرة لجسيمات هاسل في منطقة اللب و التي تتكون من الخلايا البشروية و لوحظ حويصلات و خلايا شبكية في مراحل تنكس مختلفة مع توذم النسيج الضام .
مما تقدم نستطيع التأكيد بأن للنترات تأثيرات سلبية على التيموس فقد أثرت عليها نسيجيا كزيادة جسيمات هاسل و بالتالي استنزاف الخلايا التائية مما يؤدي إلى انخفاض مقاومة الطيور و الرد المناعي لديها و تراجع نموها و بالتالي مردودها الاقتصادي.
This study was carried out on 90 broiler chicks which divided into three groups. The first group has been given 0.75 g/L potassium nitrate and the second group was given 1 g/L potassium nitrate with drinking water for 30 days, While the third group was regarded as a control.
The birds were reared in same keeping house and feeded with the same ration without any additives and no vaccinations were applied.
All birds were sacrificed and examined by naked eye. Then the thymus gland was fixed by formalin and stained microscopic sections were examined by microscope.
The histological changes in the birds which dosed by 1 g/L and 0.75 g/L of nitrate were similar and the observed changes were the small size of cortex in some lobules, and the cortex were separated from bulb with increase the number of Hassall bodies in the bulb region, also there were vacuoles and reticular cells in different stages of degeneration and edema in the connective tissues in comparison with control group.
These results confirmed that nitrate had toxic effects on the tissues of thymus, and as a sequence reduced the number of T cells which lead to decrease the resistance and Immune response of the birds and retarded the growth rate.
References used
Alenstin L., 1988 - Nitrate toxicity killed tow of his helpers. Hoards Dairyman. vol. 133, N 17. P. 798
Barnes H. J., 1992 - New drugs in asthma. Europ . Respirat. Vol. 5. p. 1126-1136
Belviski M.J., Stretton C.D., Barnes H.J., 1992 – Nitric oxide is the endogenous neurotransmitter of bronchodilator nervus in human airways. Europ. J. Pharmacology. –Vol. 210. p. 221 – 222
Dollahite J.W. and Rowe. D., 1974 Nitrate and nitrite intoxication in Rabbits and cattle, Southwestern vet., 27:246
Fred Davison, Bernd Kaspers, Karel A. Schat , Avian Immunology.- First edition 2008, Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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