Using a corpus of compiled codes from U.S. states containing labeled tax law sections, we train text classifiers to automatically tag tax-law documents and, further, to identify the associated revenue source (e.g. income, property, or sales). After e
valuating classifier performance in held-out test data, we apply them to an historical corpus of U.S. state legislation to extract the flow of relevant laws over the years 1910 through 2010. We document that the classifiers are effective in the historical corpus, for example by automatically detecting establishments of state personal income taxes. The trained models with replication code are published at https://github.com/luyang521/tax-classification.
Comment sections allow users to share their personal experiences, discuss and form different opinions, and build communities out of organic conversations. However, many comment sections present chronological ranking to all users. In this paper, I dis
cuss personalization approaches in comment sections based on different objectives for newsrooms and researchers to consider. I propose algorithmic and interface designs when personalizing the presentation of comments based on different objectives including relevance, diversity, and education/background information. I further explain how transparency, user control, and comment type diversity could help users most benefit from the personalized interacting experience.
The goal of this research which we intend to study passages of poems from the
Experience of the Umayyad margin(Alsaealik), by describing the section of the poetic
formation that dominated poems in that era, and the intention of studying the predict
ed
connotations is to get the structure of those opening sections or it's shrinking, this
liberation was not only form wise. But it also indicated liberation in one way or another,
from the culture of society established by the proof of primacy in general, because the
overlooking speech, and Attributes, encodings, functions and symbols are expressed
through the unique individual experience from moral cases for the groups.
Therefor the new direction that was taken by the poetic sections in the Experience of
the Umayyad margin, was an artistic and cultural reaction from the pioneers of that
experience of what was happening, and it was meant to last, so they intended to rip live out
of the frozen templates of expression that was ruled by tradition in the inherited poem, so
that poetry become a form of life, starting from the present not the past which is connected
to the collective memory, and Rooted in those beginnings, but still, what was left from the
opening scenery in some section of the that experience is an image of what is left of the
whole culture of the Umayyad society in General.
The 3Dimension representation of facilities engineering an important stage in the
context of the expression of the engineering facilities and design engineering and
subsequent action to be carried out. From this point of our research is designed to
compare
the methods of digital representation triple dimension to civilian facilities with special
uses, including the archaeological monument for subsequent Business (documentation,
restoration) and ease of access to cross-sections. Technical and economic comparison was
conducted between three ways :
1. The traditional way using modern civil 3d programs and programs of digital
photography using mobile phone hardware and software approval.
2. Using the different potential of Geographic Information Systems, GIS software.
3. The possibility of using a Laser scanner
And adopted as a standard in the comparison the method that gives maximum of
economy to achieve the technical conditions.
The 3Dimension representation of facilities engineering an important stage in the
context of the expression of the engineering facilities and design engineering and
subsequent action to be carried out. From this point of our research is designed to
compare
the methods of digital representation triple dimension to civilian facilities with special
uses, including the archaeological monument for subsequent Business (documentation,
restoration) and ease of access to cross-sections. Technical and economic comparison was
conducted between three ways :
1. The traditional way using modern civil 3d programs and programs of digital
photography using mobile phone hardware and software approval.
2. Using the different potential of Geographic Information Systems, GIS software.
3. The possibility of using a Laser scanner
And adopted as a standard in the comparison the method that gives maximum of
economy to achieve the technical conditions.
As a result of the scientific and technological progress in different types of
industry, one of which, Construction industry, new materials and methods
of executing and designing buildings are utilized in general. Therefore,
finding the best and e
conomical solution is one of the main issues addressed
by the researchers in recent years.
- Economical design i.e. researching best and most suitable solutions for
specified load conditions and environment requires a good knowledge in
calculation and designing methods, exacting and constructing methods and
the types and prices of materials available locally.
-This paper discusses the economical design of the reinforced concrete
components specified for the basic forces(M,Q,N). Consequently, it is the
economical design of the structural framework of the reinforced concrete
buildings according to the main changes of materials price for constructing
these structures at specific local conditions.
