Recent work in natural language processing (NLP) has focused on ethical challenges such as understanding and mitigating bias in data and algorithms; identifying objectionable content like hate speech, stereotypes and offensive language; and building
frameworks for better system design and data handling practices. However, there has been little discussion about the ethical foundations that underlie these efforts. In this work, we study one ethical theory, namely deontological ethics, from the perspective of NLP. In particular, we focus on the generalization principle and the respect for autonomy through informed consent. We provide four case studies to demonstrate how these principles can be used with NLP systems. We also recommend directions to avoid the ethical issues in these systems.
The use of crowdworkers in NLP research is growing rapidly, in tandem with the exponential increase in research production in machine learning and AI. Ethical discussion regarding the use of crowdworkers within the NLP research community is typically
confined in scope to issues related to labor conditions such as fair pay. We draw attention to the lack of ethical considerations related to the various tasks performed by workers, including labeling, evaluation, and production. We find that the Final Rule, the common ethical framework used by researchers, did not anticipate the use of online crowdsourcing platforms for data collection, resulting in gaps between the spirit and practice of human-subjects ethics in NLP research. We enumerate common scenarios where crowdworkers performing NLP tasks are at risk of harm. We thus recommend that researchers evaluate these risks by considering the three ethical principles set up by the Belmont Report. We also clarify some common misconceptions regarding the Institutional Review Board (IRB) application. We hope this paper will serve to reopen the discussion within our community regarding the ethical use of crowdworkers.
The goal of research is to identify level of application of ethical standards for the
profession of university education from the viewpoint of the members of the teaching staff.
And know the differences in the answers to the members of the teaching
staff according to
the research variables: (sex, academic rank, years of experience, academic specialization).
And it adopted a researcher on the descriptive analytical method, and included the research
sample (154) by an educational body in the faculties of Tishreen University for the
academic year 2014/2015, was the application of a questionnaire composed of four areas:
(professional performance, relationship with the students, relationship with the community,
and relationship with his colleagues). Among the most prominent search results: The
existence of the average of the members of the teaching staff in the application of ethical
standards in the profession of university education level. Also there were no statistically
significant differences between the average answers faculty members at the level of
application of ethical standards for the profession of university education differences
depending on the variables of (sex, academic rank, experience), and there are statistically
significant according to faculty in favor of scientism faculties.
The study of the ethical issue in the Aristotelian attitude and Averroes one is the aim
of this research. It also studies and analyzes the point of view of each one of them in three
fields which are:
• The originality of ethics and its field
• Th
e virtue theory
• Virtues varieties and arrangements
According to our dealing with this case, we work on specifying the degree of
similarities and differences between the two philosophers. We try to show the Aristotelian
moral effect in the Islamic_ Arab intellectual space represented by Averroes whose
understanding of Aristotelian ethics in the process of reading and analyzing Plato
Republic.
In the light of the above, we have the right to ask whether Averroes has an
independent ethical theory or he followed the approach of his predecessors, especially
Aristotle in his similarity with his ethical issue.
The researcher's responsibility is to protect the interests and the physical, psychological
andmentalintegrity of the research participants. The aim of this article is: 1- To give some information
about the basic principles of research ethics. 2- T
o prepare guidelines for human subject research
protection at the colleges of dental medicine in Syria. Conclusions: principles of ethics in dental research
and informed consent are still not clear in Syria; there is a need to ethical research committees and ethical
research guidelines in dental colleges in Syria.
