The effect of salinity on proline and carbohydrate contenets in three bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) in vegetative growth stage in hydroponic cultures

This study was carried out in 2009-2011, in the laboratories of science faculty - Tishreen University. The seeds of three genotypes: Sham8, Sakha8,AUS 29639 of bread wheat were planted in hydroponic cultures irrigated with Hoagland liquid in a growth chamber to compare the effect of three salt concentrations (0, 100,200 mm of NaCl) on proline and carbohydrate contents in three growth stages 21, 28, 35 of the experiment. There was an increase of proline and carbohydrate contents in all cultivars with increased salinity during the three growth stages of plants. Proline contents increased in Sham8 with low rates compare with Sakha8, AUS 29639. It increased in Sakha8 with the increase of salinity which reached 348% in the third growth stage in concentration 200 mm NaCl, while Proline concentration reached the highest value in AUS 29639 (524%). The carbohydrate content reached the highest value in Sakha8 in NaCl concentration 200 in the first growth stage (238070%) compared with the control, and (204.34%) in third stage in NaCl concentration 200mM compare with the control. The results of the study indicate the superiority of Sakha8, AUS 29639 in salt tolerance through accumulating suitable rates of proline and carbohydrates. AUS 29639 was more resistant to salt stress than Sakha8. We may use these results later in other physiological and genetical studies.

Chemical and Physical Changes in Olive Fruits «Ashrasi-Type II» During Growth and Maturation Period

During the season of 2002, samples of olive fruit were taken (Ashrasi type) from Ninavah horticulture’s station that belongs to the ministry of agriculture in Iraq. The purpose of this research is to study some physical and chemical characteristics during the growing period, from July until October. Those characteristics include moisture, ash, oil content, chlorophyll A & B, protein, pH and carbohydrate, In addition to fruit length, size, weight, radius, and rigidity. The results showed significant increase in moisture, oil, weight, size and length of the fruit were studied. Significant reduction was noticed in the percentages of the protein, carbohydrate, ash and the fruit rigidity. The highest values of chlorophyll were observed during The month of September. October considered as the best time to harvest olive fruits for pickle purpose.

Effect of some growth conditions on thequantity and quality of carbohydrates in Chlorella vulgarisisolated from fresh water in southern Syrian

According to the algae ability in photosynthesis and carbohydrate production with high value in nutrition and industry, this research was carried out during 2015 to study the qualitative and quantitative content of carbohydrates in Chlorella vulgaris which was isolated from southern Syrian fresh water, and to determine the effect of the growth conditions; temperature (15, 25, 35 C), sodium nitrate concentration (0.1, 0.25, 0.4 g/l) and pH (6, 7, 8) on that content. The results showed that the total content was in the range of 20% to 40%;with galactose and rhamnose dominating among the rest of sugars. The temperature 15°C was the best to get the greatest total content with the highest value of starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In addition, the low nitrate concentration 0.1 g/l was combined with the highest content of pectin and its compounds, while the glucose content was not affected by the nitrogen concentration. Related to pH effect, the acidic media was proved to be the best for the highest carbohydrate content. Moreover, cellulose, starch, and pectin increased in the alkali medium over the rest of carbohydrates.