Humans often employ figurative language use in communication, including during interactions with dialog systems. Thus, it is important for real-world dialog systems to be able to handle popular figurative language constructs like metaphor and simile.
In this work, we analyze the performance of existing dialog models in situations where the input dialog context exhibits use of figurative language. We observe large gaps in handling of figurative language when evaluating the models on two open domain dialog datasets. When faced with dialog contexts consisting of figurative language, some models show very large drops in performance compared to contexts without figurative language. We encourage future research in dialog modeling to separately analyze and report results on figurative language in order to better test model capabilities relevant to real-world use. Finally, we propose lightweight solutions to help existing models become more robust to figurative language by simply using an external resource to translate figurative language to literal (non-figurative) forms while preserving the meaning to the best extent possible.
Working this research on the study of the poem bast when
Aws bin stone, relying stylistic language, and formations, and
tools aesthetic, and values expressive big impact in the
production of the production of semantics poetic text that ship
by th
e poet his speech, through the dismantling of the internal
structures of the text, and the study of internal relations
interlocking connection among them, and then rebuild this text
and his understanding of the springboard to the outside
The study concludes that the technical picture of various arts is
the best way to display the literary styles, unveiled structures
expressive and figurative, which are formed in the texture of
interlocking relationships, to clarify these visions without
imposing preconceived ideas on the text to try to prove.
The cultural heritage image, which is one of the modern figurative images, has been
increasingly used in modern Arabic literature which finds in traditions a rich source for
figurative image.
This research deals with one of the mechanisms to emplo
y this image in Mamdouh
Adwan's poetry, which is the cumulative employment. The research has chosen one
example highlighting the significance of this partial image in constructing integrated
scenery which, in turn, produces a full image. Moreover, this research confirms the
importance of cultural heritage in providing the poetic image with components and
elements that have specific semantic nature. Consequently, the interaction between the
author and the cultural heritage becomes effective, at the level of the image, in order to
produce poetic vision of a traditional reference. However, it does not eliminate the
originality of the poet; rather it deepens the content and gives the form new artistic devices.
The literature is a human actor presence, installation literary intensify and the
embodiment of human thought creative in the extreme cognitive, sensory energies, and
because the man is the object searcher for meaning and not the owner of this sens
e; from
here we can not understand the human being away from the literat6ure, and we can not
understand the human self away from broker literature, enriched by the language of sound
and the relationship of the code and text.
- We have tried in this research to approach the nature of the relationship between
language and human self, and to recognize the ability of the word to influence with
receiver, but publicly we were able to monitor the movements of the word, and keep up
with changing capacity if it is a single or in a composition and then rouse the capacity to
incite emotion of reader , emotionally and intellectually tomoves the word from the
carrier for the event to view the role of the industry and moving the human conscious
crowd , which owns the logical of mental functioning .
This research investigates the actual beginning of experimental animation films and
their main directions. The research also reviews the most important pioneers of abstract
experimental animation in both Europe and the U. S. A. such as Leopold Surv
age, Viking
Eggeling and Hans Richter, on the one hand, and the most important film productions and
the techniques used, on the other. We move on after that to the most wellknown figures of
the pictorial school in Europe as Lotte Reinger, Berthold Bartosch and Alexander
Alexeieff.
The research moves on to take up the review of the contemporary experimental
directions which began in the early 1950's and continued up to the present time, the
directions which produced significant figures and experiments of paramount importance in
the history of animation , such as Walter Disney, Ivan Vano, Osamo Tezuka, Norma
Mclaren in addition to John Halas. These approaches shape the future of animation. The
present research sheds light on the significance of both previous (earlier) experiments and
the prospect of animation films.
