The objective of the present work is to determine the operating conditions of an activated carbon filter, based on the characteristics of breakthrough curves. In order to properly design and operate fixed-bed adsorption processes, we apply the concep
t of the mass transfer zone (MTZ) that helps to obtain the evolutions of the operating parameters of the fixed-bed. Phenol solutions were prepared in three initial concentrations of phenol (20, 40, 60 ppm). The experimental data were analyzed by calculating fractional capacity (F), the height of (MTZ) (HZ), the number of unit transfer equivalent (NZ), the amount of phenol eliminated by the bed of activated carbon at the breakthrough (ABP).
Fluoride ion is present in high concentration in some regions in Syria. As
fluoride occurs naturally in water, We have studied some methods of fluoride
removal such as Nalgonda technique and activated carbon method.
In Nalgonda technique we add Al
um and lime to the water, and we have
found that fluoride removal efficiency remains constant when the initial
concentrations of fluoride changes, or when the chloride ions exists in water,
but it depends on pH, and get better when the method is investigated in two
steps. In addition, adsorption of fluoride decreases with increasing
sedimentation time, or using Ventilated lime or CaCO3 instead of Ca (OH)2.
In activated carbon method we have done different experiments by using
charcoal of coconut coir, date seeds and olive seeds. And we have found that
olive seeds carbon is better than others, and its fluoride removal efficiency
increases after impregnation with solution of 2% Al2(SO4)3.
In this work, the study of
the process had done in reducing the percentage of sulfur and
aromatics in by effective adsorption using active carbon. Where the
study showed the effect of weight change in the proportion of coal
to fuel oil processor weight, the percentage of sulfur and aromatics
removal in terms of changing the stirring time (mix).
