Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often deployed by random bestrewing
(airplane bestrewing for example). A majority of nodes cannot obtain their coordinate
beforehand. Therefore, how to obtain the position information of unknown nodes, which is
called localization problem, has become a hot topic in WSN.
Without position information, WSN cannot work properly. Global Position System
(GPS) is the most extensive and mature position system at present. But because the nodes
usually have the shortcoming of high expenditure, large volume, high cost and require
settled basal establishment, therefore, the GPS is inapplicable for the low-cost selfconfigure
sensor networks, and also it is impossible to install GPS for each sensor node. In
this paper, we will study localization mechanisms (which is not based on GPS) used in
WSN, and will test the effectiveness of using MUSIC algorithm in determining the signal
arrival angel depending on the SDMA- technology and ESPAR antenna.
The great development of mobile wireless sensor networks has many very important
applications. One of the most important applications that has attracted scientists' attention
recently is to track animals in their homes to follow the behavior and li
ves of some
endangered animals, but monitoring animals activities in the forest is a very difficult task,
especially if the animals to be monitored are teeny, therefore we cannot use the traditional
tracking systems ) like GPS, As well as the harsh and dangerous nature of the forest make
the use of wireless sensor networks the best solution, especially that sensors are low-cost,
small size, which made them suitable for such tasks, in this research we will study new
way to track a group of partridge where sensors are placed on these birds to observe their
life and behavior ,The important challenge in this research is to know the location of these
mobile birds to be able to the help them in appropriate time , so will introduce a new
method that provides us with acceptable accuracy, a simple, easy, inexpensive and low
energy consumption compared with other methods of animals tracking ,based on a set of
predefined reference nodes, where sensors information is sent to a gathering center
through these reference nodes ,then Analyze it and use it to the approximate location of
the animals. We will evaluate this method using Network Simulator (NS2).
location-based service applications have become increasingly popular in recent years as the increased use of these services has prompted researchers to pay attention to many factors affecting quality of service, such as accuracy, availability, respon
siveness, and power consumption. In this paper an analytical study of these factors was presented and a series of adaptive solutions were introduced that significantly reduce energy consumption, thus increasing the efficiency of location-based service applications.
