Measuring and Improving Model-Moderator Collaboration using Uncertainty Estimation

Content moderation is often performed by a collaboration between humans and machine learning models. However, it is not well understood how to design the collaborative process so as to maximize the combined moderator-model system performance. This work presents a rigorous study of this problem, focusing on an approach that incorporates model uncertainty into the collaborative process. First, we introduce principled metrics to describe the performance of the collaborative system under capacity constraints on the human moderator, quantifying how efficiently the combined system utilizes human decisions. Using these metrics, we conduct a large benchmark study evaluating the performance of state-of-the-art uncertainty models under different collaborative review strategies. We find that an uncertainty-based strategy consistently outperforms the widely used strategy based on toxicity scores, and moreover that the choice of review strategy drastically changes the overall system performance. Our results demonstrate the importance of rigorous metrics for understanding and developing effective moderator-model systems for content moderation, as well as the utility of uncertainty estimation in this domain.

Impact of video information on anxiety and intra procedural co-operation among the patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy is a safe and widely used procedure for diagnosis and treatment purposes. Endoscopic procedures can be painful and uncomfortable and patient cooperation is very important for a successful result. Anxiety and stress are common problem in patients who have to undergo an invasive medical procedure. Anxiety before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may have adverse consequences and can sometimes hamper successful completion of the procedure. In routine practice, verbal or written communication is used to inform the patient. Mostly this information is focused on the procedure itself and its complications. Aim: To investigate the effect of showing an informative video or providing verbal group education on anxiety and intra procedural co-operation among the patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Material and methods: sixty gastrointestinal endoscopy patients were randomly assigned to video (20) or verbal information (20) groups or control (20) group. Patients in the video group watched a 7-minute-long video about the necessity of the endoscopic procedure, doctor and patient cooperation, and possible complications, emphasizing the possible feelings the patients might experience. The patients' situational anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’s two scales (STAI-State and STAI-Trait). During the procedure we evaluate the patient's co-operation degree by using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with the doctors. Conclusions: It can be concluded that information by video helps reduce the anxiety of the patient, increases patient co-operation and the patient is much more readily convinced to undergo another procedure, in cases where a control is needed.

Service-Oriented Engine for Web Services Composition

The company structure is a method based on the modeling for analysis; planning, design, and management the information technique to promote process in order to take the right decision. Thus, the structure of the company's models must include information for each company in order to achieve cooperation between them and the exchange of information among its services, so the company structure need the support from several models, but the establishment of such models is expensive and without a fixed value. It is advisable to find models that support actually what to achieve, especially with the development of modern technology that pay the companies increasingly towards Web services exchange. To overcome these problems, we present a model based on serviceoriented, which allows the exchange of information and assembly services provided by different companies in a dynamic way taking into account the context of cooperation, and organize a coordinated and coherent services chain, thus provides a way to exchange information and interaction of commercial services between companies.

Base Station Cooperation in Advanced Mobile Communication Systems

يعتبر التعاون بين المحطات القاعدية في نظم الاتصالات النقالة الحديثة من مثل LTE أو (Long-Term Evolution) وكذلك LTE-Advanced (4G) من أهم التقنيات التي تسمح بتحسين التغطية ونوعية الخدمة المقدمة للمستخدمين. يهدف هذا البحث إلى اقتراح خوارزميات عملية للتعاون بين المحطات القاعدية على الوصلة الهابطة (Downlink) في هذا النوع من الأنظمة وسبر أداء هذه الخوارزميات من خلال بعض نتائج المحاكاة. تعتمد الخوارزميات المقترحة على إعادة الإرسال الهجين (HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) بناءً على قرار مشترك بين المحطات المتعاونة يُتخذ في ظل معرفة معينة عن حالة القنوات اللاسلكية. تقدم إعادة الإرسال الموزعة، أي المعتمدة على التعاون، أداءً أفضل من حيث معدل الخطأ على المعطيات والتأخير الزمني لإيصالها بشكل صحيح، وذلك مقارنةﹰ بإعادة الإرسال من محطة واحدة بدون تعاون.