The ruling Fatimid Caliph, Alhakm by-Amr Allah, is one of the most closed political
figures in the history of Islamic Egypt. The " Alhakm " did not do much to govern himself
until he issued many extraordinary social "records" and renounced the reli
gious tolerance
of his Fatimid caliphs He issued a number of records limiting their religious freedom, but
the " Alhakm " did not continue this policy towards the people of the Dhimah, But issued
four years before his disappearance (411 AH/1020AD) several decrees to free the freedom
of worship for Christians and Jews.
During the fourth and fifth centuries AH/10-11 AD, Aleppo played a major role in the history of Arabs and Islam in general, and the history of the Bilad Al-Sham in particular, as it was present for two successive states that were established in the n
orth of the Bilad Al-Sham, namely: the Hamdani state (333-406 AH / 944-1016 AD), and the Mirdasian state (415-473 AH / 1024 - 1080 AD), and during their time, Aleppo was The focus of the Fatimid Caliphate’s attention for more than a century, between the middle of the fourth century AH/10AD, and the middle of the fifth century Hegira / 11 AD, during the reigns of five Fatimid caliphs, they are: Al-Muizz Li-Din Allah (341-365 AH / 953-975 AD), Al-Aziz Billah (365-386 AH / 975-996 AD), Al-Hakim Bi-Amr Allah (386-411 AH / 996-1021 AD), AL-Zahir Li- Izzaz Deen Allah (411-427 AH/1021-1036 AD), and Al-Mustansir Billah (427-487 AH/1036-1094AD), Aleppo, during their covenants, took part of the administration’s attention. The Fatimids, which sought as much as they could to make it subordinate to its influence, and pushed dozens of military campaigns towards it to control it, and put it under direct Fatimid rule, It aims to unite the Bilad Al-Sham in a complete form under its control, and for importance of Aleppo location as a corridor connecting to Iraq, and wresting the leadership of the Islamic world from the Abbasid Caliphate.
