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Register a new userDecrees Alhakm by-Amr Allah and his relationship with the people of Dhimah (386-411 AH/996-1020AD)
مراسيم الحاكم بأمر الله و علاقته مع أهل الذمة (386-411ه/ 996-1020م)
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2018
fields
History
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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يعد الخليفة الفاطمي الحاكم بأمر الله من أغمض الشخصيات السياسية في تاريخ مصر الإسلامية ، إذ لم يكد " الحاكم " يباشر أمور الحكم بنفسه حتى أصدر العديد من الأوامر " السجلات " الاجتماعية الاستثنائية، كما قام بنبذ سياسة التسامح الديني التي اتبعها أسلافه من الخلفاء الفاطميين ، متبعاً سياسة متشددة تجاه أهل الذمة من يهود و نصارى ، فأصدر العديد من السجلات التي تحدّ من حريتهم الدينية، بيد أن " الحاكم " لم يستمر على سياسته هذه تجاه أهل الذمة ، بل أصدر قبيل اختفائه سنة ( 411 ه/ 1020م) مراسيم عدة لإطلاق حرية الشعائر للنصارى و اليهود.
The ruling Fatimid Caliph, Alhakm by-Amr Allah, is one of the most closed political figures in the history of Islamic Egypt. The " Alhakm " did not do much to govern himself until he issued many extraordinary social "records" and renounced the religious tolerance of his Fatimid caliphs He issued a number of records limiting their religious freedom, but the " Alhakm " did not continue this policy towards the people of the Dhimah, But issued four years before his disappearance (411 AH/1020AD) several decrees to free the freedom of worship for Christians and Jews.
Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة مراسيم الخليفة الفاطمي الحاكم بأمر الله وعلاقته مع أهل الذمة (اليهود والنصارى) خلال فترة حكمه من 386هـ/996م إلى 411هـ/1020م. يعتبر الحاكم بأمر الله من الشخصيات السياسية الغامضة في تاريخ مصر الإسلامية، حيث أصدر العديد من الأوامر الاجتماعية والدينية التي كانت غير مألوفة في عصره. تميزت سياسته بالتشدد تجاه أهل الذمة في البداية، حيث أصدر مراسيم تحد من حريتهم الدينية وتفرض عليهم قيوداً صارمة. ومع ذلك، تغيرت سياسته قبيل اختفائه، حيث أصدر مراسيم تسمح لهم بممارسة شعائرهم الدينية بحرية وإعادة بناء الكنائس والأديرة. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم رؤية شاملة عن أسباب إصدار هذه المراسيم وتأثيرها على المجتمع المصري في ذلك الوقت. استخدمت الدراسة منهج البحث التاريخي القائم على جمع وتحليل المصادر والمراجع المختلفة للوصول إلى نتائج قريبة من الحقيقة التاريخية.
Critical review
تعتبر الدراسة شاملة ومفصلة في تناولها لمراسيم الحاكم بأمر الله وعلاقته مع أهل الذمة. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول إن الدراسة قد تكون قد أغفلت بعض الجوانب الأخرى من حياة الحاكم بأمر الله التي قد تكون أثرت على سياساته. كما أن التركيز الكبير على المراسيم الدينية والاجتماعية قد يجعل القارئ يتساءل عن الجوانب الاقتصادية والسياسية الأخرى التي ربما لعبت دوراً في تشكيل سياسات الحاكم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، قد يكون من المفيد تقديم مقارنة بين سياسات الحاكم بأمر الله وسياسات خلفاء فاطميين آخرين لتقديم صورة أكثر شمولية.
Questions related to the research
-
ما هي الأسباب التي دفعت الحاكم بأمر الله إلى إصدار مراسيم تحد من حرية أهل الذمة؟
الأسباب تشمل الرغبة في فرض السيطرة وتأكيد السلطة، بالإضافة إلى ردود الفعل على النفوذ المتزايد لأهل الذمة في الدولة الفاطمية.
-
كيف تغيرت سياسة الحاكم بأمر الله تجاه أهل الذمة قبيل اختفائه؟
قبيل اختفائه، أصدر الحاكم بأمر الله مراسيم تسمح لأهل الذمة بممارسة شعائرهم الدينية بحرية وإعادة بناء الكنائس والأديرة.
-
ما هي المنهجية التي استخدمتها الدراسة في تحليل مراسيم الحاكم بأمر الله؟
استخدمت الدراسة منهج البحث التاريخي القائم على جمع وتحليل المصادر والمراجع المختلفة للوصول إلى نتائج قريبة من الحقيقة التاريخية.
-
ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية للدراسة؟
تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم رؤية شاملة عن أسباب إصدار الحاكم بأمر الله لمراسيمه وتأثيرها على المجتمع المصري، بالإضافة إلى محاولة تقديم مرجع متواضع ومساعد للباحثين في هذا المجال.
References used
Morgan, R. History of the Coptic Orthodox people and the Church of Egypt. Canada , 2016
العبادي، أحمد مختار. في التاريخ العباسي و الفاطمي . دار النهضة العربية ، بيروت ، د . ت .
جمال الدين، عبد الله محمد. الدولة الفاطمية. دار الثقافة ، القاهرة 1991
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