Estimation of Surface Geology Effect on Site Response Based on Nakamura's Technique-A Case Study in Eastern Ghoota, Damascus city, Syria

The dynamic soil characteristics in Eastern Ghoota, which is located on Damascus basin, was studied to estimate the predominant period and the amplification factor in all sites, using Nakamura's technique. This technique is considered as one of the important empirical techniques used in the world to study the surface geology effects on site response. About 1000 seismic noise measurements were carried out in 265 sites covering different geology deposits. The H/V spectra ratio were calculated and analyzed to determine the site predominant period and amplification factor. The results exhibit good correlation with the local geology and the modeling of geotechnical boreholes, whereas the predominant period and amplification factor values vary clearly from site to site.

The Quality changes of Groundwater Occurrence After Using Treated Wastewater for Irrigation in the Eastern Gota

Treated wastewater which comes from Adra Treatment Station is used for irrigating a part of the agricultural lands at Damascus Eastern Ghota after transferring it by a set of canals constructed for this purpose, Figure No. (1), its area estimated about 18000 hectares in addition to the adjacent areas for comparison object, the irrigated land by this project is forming the main study object of this research. This area is considered as the most affected area by the agricultural and industrial activities, increasing of population development due to its natural resources on one side and its location near the capital of Damascus on the other hand. The mean value of wastewater volume coming to the station has been estimated at 485000 m3 per day [1]. Therefore, this project is considered as one of the important projects which ensure an additional water resources for that area where water demand increased specifically against decreasing water resources of formerly years of aridity which considered as one of its reasons. From this point, this research is aimed at clearing out quality changes happened in the groundwater in the Eastern Ghota area which affected with irrigation by treated water, that was due to observing the quality changes of groundwater through a grid of wells and processing these analysis results by making maps, diagrams, and graphs; then comparing them with adjacent areas data, and to read out of these changes and reach knowledge of irrigation effect range by this water on the groundwater quality.