Investigating the Endurance Element among Football Players during the Preparatory Phase of the Syrian Coast Clubs

Increasing and improving general and basic specific endurance at the preparatory phase of the football players are perceived as one of the greatest factors that contribute to successful and effective application of training programmes. Additionally, it helps improve players’ capabilities to endure the league's pressure. More specifically, it is worth noting that the football players need additional or exceptional efforts during the national league. Furthermore, the football matches at the national and international levels may exceed 80 every season, which raises the importance of the endurance element. This study aims to determine the level of endurance element for players from Banias Football Club and Huten Football Club before and after the preparatory phase, and to understand the level of change (improvement) that occurred on this element. Quantitative method was adopted to answer research questions. The results revealed that there are significant differences between the two groups, particularly for Banias Club players.

The Impact of Oil Materials on The Properties of Soil Clays (Example: SADKOB Soil Sites in Lattakia City)

With the widespread of oil facilities, distribution centers of oil and oil tanks, it has become a must in this article to study the impact of these materials on the physical and mechanical properties of soils, especially at coast to avoid distortions and changes in the properties of these soils. We tried in this research to study Clay coastal soil. Two main samples were studied: one polluted with materials leaked from these sites and the other was not. The samples were taken from both types and transported to the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the University in October. In the laboratory, we conducted experiments and evaluated their results.

Studying the Influence of the Distribution of Carbon Rods in the Sections of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Hybrid Reinforcement on their Flexural Behavior

The mixed use of steel bars and carbon rods in concrete beams can offer beams with different behaviour from that of steel reinforcement only. This paper studies the case of reinforcing concrete beams with two layers of bars, and the main para­meters investigated are the proportion and the distribution of carbon rods in the cross-section. Four groups containing 12 beams are tested, and each is reinforced with 4 bars located in two layers. The first group includes three control beams reinforced with steel bars, while the second includes three beams reinforced with carbon bars. Each of the third and fourth groups includes three beams reinforced with two steel bars and two carbon bars, whereas in the third group, steel bars are located above carbon ones, but in the fourth group, steel bars are located under carbon ones. Concrete beams reinforced with carbon rods in the second group exhibit a higher load carrying capacity and deflections, compared with other beams. However, the beams in the third and fourth groups have approximately the same load carrying capacity and the same behaviour up to the load level equal to 75% of their load carrying capacity. But after that, the beams in the fourth group become more deformed, compared with those of the third group.

Using Numerical Modeling in a Parametric Study of Pile Load Tests

A parametric study of pile load test requires a numerical modeling of this test and a study of the effect of each parameter of the material model used on pile load settlement curve shape and on the extrapolated value of pile ultimate bearing capacity. Some real pile load tests are numerically modeled and calibrated using two types of material models: Mohr-coulomb MC and Hardening soil HS. The obtained results from HS are better than those obtained from MC, so material model HS is adopted to generate pile load settlement curves. It is shown that the relation between the extrapolated value of pile ultimate bearing capacity and each parameter of the material model used is linear, and there is only one value for each parameter of HS in which the calculated value of bearing capacity identifies with the normal value in DIN-Code. The main economic benefit obtained from this research is the ability of generating pile load settlement curves in addition to doing a parametric study using a numerical modeling method without any need to do pile load field tests. The practical scientific aim is to accumulate and collect information that can be used as a database for static pile load tests.

Measurement of Average Shear Wave Velocity by Using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) Method and It's Relation with Bearing Capacity, Depth of Embedment, Soil thickness

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is increasingly applied in earthquake engineering and geotechnical problems, because of simple field procedures, time and cost saving. It can allow for maximum areal coverage, thus reduces the number of needed boreholes. This study illustrates the importance of the use of active and passive MASW to measure the average shear wave velocities of the upper surface layers (upper 30m) of the city of Irbid in North Jordan by integrating the outputs of the active and passive approaches, and by investigating the relationship between the estimated average shear wave velocity with the following geotechnical variables, Bearing capacity, depth of embedment, and soil thickness.

آلية فقدان الشعور بالألم المحرض بالكرب السباحي و علاقته بهرمونات قشر الكظر عند جرذان Wistar

بينا في دراسة سابقة أن فقدان الشعور بالألم المحرض بالكرب السباحي (السباحة في مياه باردة ١٧ مئوية لمدة ١٠ دقائق) مرتبط بآليات أفيونية و غير أفيونية الوساطة. يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة آلية فقدان الشعور بالألم (اختبار الزمن الكامن لسحب الذيل) المحرض بالكرب السباحي الأقل وطأة (السباحة في مياه باردة ١٧ مئوية لمدة ٤ دقائق) و التوصل إلى إثبات تجريبي إضافي يظهر علاقة هرمونات قشر الكظر المحرضة بالكرب بهذه الآلية والكشف عن بعض جوانب هذه العلاقة عند جرذان Wistar.