The research included the implementation of a laboratory experiment and a field experiment in two successive seasons, where the laboratory experiment was carried out by using columns of PVC columns, where the effect of magnetized water was tested on
several types of soils varying in salinity and spread in the study area east of Aleppo (Kaskis – musharifa Al – Zakia-Rasm al-Hamis). The technology of water magnetization was applied by using a special device manufactured at the Department of Soil Science and land reclamation at the Faculty of agricultural engineering of the University of Aleppo. The device was manufactured for laboratory and field work within a magnetic field whose intensity reached (2000) Gauss. The first type of water was also brought from a well in the village of Rasm al-Hamis (2.1) dS.m-1.the second sample was also brought from a well in the village of musharifa Al-Zakiya (3.4) dS.m-1.the third sample of water used in this study was representative of the water of the Euphrates river canal (0.70) dS.m-1.
The technology of using magnetized water deliberately caused a decrease in the PH values of the three types of water, a slight decrease in the values of the electrical conductivity of irrigation water using magnetized water was also observed, and a decrease in the values of the specific weight of irrigation water after its magnetization was observed in the three types of water used.
Magnetization with the wash coefficient applied by the experiment (15%) contributed to reducing the electrical conductivity values of the three soils, as it was noted that the effect of the magnetization technique was of a significant nature on the soils of the Hamis sketch, where before the experiment they were classified as high-salinity soils and by the effect of the magnetization technique, at the end of the experiment they turned into low-salinity soils. The results obtained from the Rasm al-Hamis soil confirmed that irrigation water with a washing coefficient, whether magnetized or non-magnetized, effectively contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer of the soil compared to the soil salinity value before the experiment, which amounted about (4.1) dS.m-1, as the magnetized Euphrates water contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer of the soil by 10% increase compared to the same treatment irrigated with non-magnetized water, as well as when using the magnetic wells of Rasm al-Hamis and Musharafat Al-Zakiya, where the magnetized water contributed to the washing of salts by 19% and 9.8% more than the same transactions irrigated with ordinary water for the surface layer of the soil, and the decrease was of a significant nature. The results in the soil columns also indicated that a significant decrease in the SAR and ESP values of the three soils was achieved, and therefore magnetization had an important role in washing the sodium cation from the soil. With regard to the future leachate from the soil columns, higher values of electrical conductivity and the rate of absorbed sodium were observed in the leachate of transactions irrigated with magnetized water compared to the leachate of transactions irrigated with ordinary water without magnetization for the three soils. this confirmed the role of magnetization technology in washing salts from the soil solution, especially sodium cation. this has been positively reflected on the physical properties of the soil, where the magnetization technology contributed to improving soil porosity values. the improvement was significant in the soils of Rasm al-Hamis and as a poke and not significant in the soil of Musharafat Al-Zakiya.
Moving on to the field experiment, the field experiment was designed using a completely randomized block design with (3) replications, so that the first factor includes irrigation techniques: magnetized water (M) and non-magnetized water (NM), and the second factor is the addition of organic fertilizers to the soil, which included three coefficients: municipal fertilizer (O), humic acid (H) In addition to the control treatment (C). The area of the experimental piece was 16 m2, The number of plants within the experimental plot reached 120 plants. The Maize crop was planted on 29/6/2021 for the first season and on 9/7/2022 for the second.
The results indicated the role of magnetization technology in reducing the electrical conductivity values of the studied coefficients compared to the control treatment coefficients in the surface and subsurface layers with an average value of 10.28%. The results also confirmed that magnetization plays an important role in washing the Na+ ion, and this was clearly reflected in the SAR value of the soil, where the SAR value when irrigated with ordinary water was about 3.16, while it decreased to 2.79 when irrigated with magnetized water, and this decrease was of a significant nature, which in turn affected the reduction of ESP values of the soil.
The results indicated that magnetization clearly affected soil cations, especially Na+, and also directly affected the SO4-2 ion, where the concentration of SO4-2 decreased by 14.4% when irrigating with magnetized water compared to the control treatment. The results confirmed the role of the magnetization technique in improving porosity values.
The data pointed to the important role of municipal fertilizer, potassium Humate in reducing the electrical conductivity values, and the treatment of municipal fertilizer was statistically superior to potassium Humate, whether irrigation with magnetized water or ordinary water. Organic compound with magnetized water also contributed to improving the physical qualities of the soil, which was positively reflected on the values of the index of deterioration of soil properties compared to the control treatment coefficients. This improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the soil positively affected the availability of nutrients in the soil in general, and microelements in particular, which contributed to an improvement in the productivity values of the Maize crop, which reached its highest value when irrigated with magnetic water about 7.43 tons/h, and potassium Humate with irrigation with magnetic water raised the productivity value to 8.49 tons/h, while the treatment of municipal fertilizer with irrigation with magnetic water surpassed the rest of the transactions, where productivity reached about 9.1 tons/h in the first season of the experiment, and the productivity values also improved slightly in the second season compared to the first.
The pot experiments were carried out under the conditions of the glass house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of gypsum and humic acid on some chemical properties of irrigated
soil by saline water. The experiment was designed in a split second-order manner, with the main sections containing three levels of salinity irrigation water using sodium chloride salt as (W1:0, W2:3, W3:6 g𝓁-1). Three levels of gypsum were mixed: as (G1:0 , G2:25, G3:50 g). Three levels of acids were added with irrigation water as (H1:0,H2:24, H3:48 kg/he).
The experiments for application leaching factor with irrigation water were carried out for treatment (W2,W3) at two levels as (%10 and %20) of field capacity, respectively.
The results showed that the salt accumulation was higher when applied the leaching factor (W2), while the salt accumulation was decreased when the wash factor (W3) was applied. The addition of gypsum levels contributed for increasing in EC values, especially in the surface layer. The role of humic acid was effectively demonstrated in saline soils (W3, W2), where the concentration of sodium ions, SAR and ESP were significantly reduced when applying a high level of humic acid with irrigation water. The SAR values and the sodium-sodium ratio (ESP) were affected by the accumulation of salts in the surface layer.
An experiment was carried out under the conditions of the green house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, in order to determine the effect of both gypsum and humic acid on the total porosity and pH of irrigated soils by saline water
and wheat yield. The experiment was designed in a split-spilt dissection method, with the main sections comprising three levels of irrigation water salinity (W1:0, W2:3, W3:6 g-1 NaCl). Three levels of gypsum were mixed with soil: (G1:0, G2:25, G3:50 g). Three levels of humic acid were added with irrigation water (H3:48, H2:24, H1:0 kg/h). The coefficient Leaching with irrigation water for W3 and W2 was applied at %10 and %20 of the field capacity, respectively.
The results confirmed the effective role of gypsum in mitigating the effect of sodcity in Structure soil damage, and this was reflected by the increase in total porosity values in G3. The results indicated a decrease in pH values within the W3 level of irrigation saline water compared with W2. The results showed the significant role of the gypsum in pH reduction as opposed to that of humic acid. The role of humic acid, especially the H3 level, was evident in increasing the yield and weight of 1000 grains for the wheat, while the G2 level of gypsum was superior in yield. The results showed that the W1 yield was better than W2 and W3.
An experiment was carried out under the conditions of the green house at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. The aim of research is determine the effect of the addition of humic acid to the irrigated soils by saline water in their organ
ic carbon content and the yield of the wheat crop. The experiment was designed in a split-spilt dissection method. The main sections comprising three levels of irrigation water salinity (W1:0, W2:3, W3:6 g-1 NaCl). Three levels of gypsum were mixed with soil: (G1:0, G2:25, G3:50 g). Three levels of humic acid were added with irrigation water (H3:48, H2:24, H1:0 kg/h). The coefficient Leaching with irrigation water for W3 and W2 was applied at %10 and %20 of the field capacity, respectively.
The results showed that the addition of humic acid contributed to the increase in the stock of organic carbon. The highest percentage of organic matter (2.70%) was found in the deep layer (W3G3H3), while the lowest ratio was (1.41%) in the surface layer of treatment (W3G2H1). The role of humic acid, especially at the level of H3, was clearly demonstrated in increasing the productivity and weight of the 1000 grains for the wheat crop. The study confirmed the role of the leaching factor in the organic carbon losses of the soil, where organic carbon was losses (%26.31) with leaching factor 10%, where the losses (%44.74) with leaching factor was 20%.
A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo. The aim of study is know the effect caused by the magnetization of irriga
tion water on the physicochemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on selected gypsiferous soils from the village of Musharafa Al-Zakiya located in the Maskana project (Aleppo governorate). And it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Euphrates River water -Rasm Al-Hamis village - Musharafa Al-Zakiya village). Irrigation technology was applied With magnetized water (M) and water without magnetization (NM), a leaching factor of 15% was used with water added to the columns, and the irrigation process was repeated ten times. The results indicated that the use of the water of Rasm Al-Hamis well and the well of Mishrifa, the magnetic purity, contributed to the washing of salts by 20% and 16% for the surface and subsurface layers, respectively, compared to similar treatments irrigated with normal water, and the results of the statistical analysis indicated that the decrease in the concentration of salts in the washed columns The magnetized water was significant. As for the magnetized water of the Euphrates, it contributed to the washing of salts from the surface layer within the soil columns by about 5.5%, compared with the treatment irrigated with non-magnetized Euphrates river water, and the decrease in the concentration of salts was not significant. The data indicated in general to the significant role of the washing coefficient applied in this study in the disposal of salts, in particular soda salts, as the data showed that the magnetization of water added to the studied soil columns contributed clearly in reducing the values of the adsorbed sodium ratio (SAR) and the ratio of exchangeable sodium (ESP) compared to the non-magnetized irrigation water. The magnetization of water also contributed to improving the porosity of soil irrigated with magnetized water, compared to treatments irrigated with ordinary water.
A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo, in order to know the effect caused by the magnetization of irrigation wat
er on the chemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on the Kskeis soil, located east of Aleppo city, and it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Furat - Rasm Al-Hamis - Mishrifat Al-Zakiya). With irrigated water, the irrigation process was carried out with ten irrigations. The results indicated that the magnetization of showing off water reached its value, reached its value, reached its value, reached its value when magnetized. dS.m-1) was 4.05, while at the non-magnetized (dS.m-1) 3.7, the values of the sorbent sodium rate SAR were affected by the accumulation of salts in the subsurface layer of the studied treatments included in the study. The values of the rate of sodium adsorption SAR were also affected by the accumulation of salts in the subsurface layer of the studied treatments included in the study, and the magnetization of water contributed to the reduction of SAR values. 1.57, while it reached 1.93 in the same treatment irrigated with non-magnetized water.
A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Clay Minerals and Colloids Laboratory in the Department of Soil Sciences and Land Reclamation at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering - University of Aleppo. The research aims to know the effect of tw
o types of salts (NaCl - Na2SO4) with five concentrations of each of the salts studied in the laboratory experiment on the stability of artificial soil aggregates and to know the salt concentrations that cause the greatest damage in the destruction of artificial soil aggregates. The results indicated the effect of the increased concentration of salts in increasing the percentage of aggregates that were subjected to collapse. The study also indicated that soil aggregates were damaged more by sodium chloride salt compared to sodium sulfate salt. The results indicated that sodium chloride salt contributes to the destruction of soil aggregates, especially at a concentration of 10 g.𝓁-1, where the percentage of destroyed aggregates reached about 35%. Sodium sulfate salt also contributed to the destruction of soil aggregates, and the highest value for the percentage of destroyed aggregates was (25.1%) at a concentration of 8 g.𝓁-1.
نفذت تجربة أصص ضمن ظروف البيت الزجاجي في كلية الزراعة بجامعة حلب، بهدف معرفة الأثر الذي يسببه كل من الجيبس وحمض الهيوميك في الخواص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للترب المروية بمياه مالحة وأثرها على الإنتاجية. تم تصميم التجربة بطريقة القطع المنشقة من الدرجة
الثانية، بحيث تضمنت القطع الرئيسة ثلاثة مستويات من ملوحة مياه الري عن طريق استخدام ملح كلوريد الصوديوم (W1:0 ، W2:3 ،W3 :g𝓁-1 6). وتم خلط ثلاثة مستويات من الجيبس: (G3:50, G2:25, G1:0 g). كما تم إضافة ثلاث مستويات من الأحماض مع مياه الري بمعدل (48 ,24 ,0 كغ/هـ). وتم تطبيق معامل الغسيل مع مياه الري للمعاملتين (W3,W2) بمعدل %10 و%20 من السعة الحقلية، على الترتيب. أكدت النتائج الدور الفعال للجيبس في التخفيف من أثر الصودية في تخريب بناء التربة، وانعكس ذلك من خلال ارتفاع قيم المسامية الكلية في معاملات (G3).
وأشارت النتائج إلى تراكم الأملاح في الترب المروية بمياه مالحة، وكان تراكم الأملاح أعظمياً عند تطبيق معامل الغسيل %10 (W2)، بينما انخفض تراكم الأملاح عند تطبيق معامل الغسيل %20 (W3). وساهمت إضافة مستويات من الجيبس في زيادة قيم الـ EC، وخاصةً في الطبقة السطحية. وأشارت النتائج إلى انخفاض قيم الرقم الهيدروجيني ضمن مستوى W3 لملوحة مياه الري مقارنة مع W2, وأظهرت النتائج الدور الكبير للجيبس في خفض الرقم الهيدروجيني على عكس ما هو عليه الحال بالنسبة لحمض الهيوميك.
وبرز دور حمض الهيوميك بشكل فعال في الترب المروية بالمياه المالحة (W3,W2)، حيث انخفض تركيز أيونات الصوديوم وقيم SAR وESP بشكل واضح عند تطبيق مستوى عالي من حمض الهيوميك مع مياه الري. كما تأثرت قيم معدل الصوديوم المدمص SAR ونسبة الصوديوم المتبادل ESP بتراكم الأملاح في الطبقة السطحية للمعاملات المدروسة التي تضمنتها الدراسة. حيث أشارت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي إلى الدور الواضح لإضافة حمض الهيوميك في المستويين H3,H2 بالمقارنة مع المعاملات التي لم يتم فيها أضافة حمض الهيوميك H1، وذلك في كل المعاملات المروية بالمياه المالحة أو غير المالحة. وقد تراوح معدل محتوى التربة من المادة العضوية في الترب المروية بمياه عذبة W1 بين %1.71 و%1.91 في المعاملتين H3,H1 على الترتيب, بينما في الترب المروية بمياه مالحة W2 كان معدل المادة العضوية %1.99, 1.89, 1.70 في المعاملات H3 ,H2 ,H1 على الترتيب. أما في الترب المروية بمياه مالحة W3 فكان توزع المادة العضوية %2.13, 1.86, 1.66 على الترتيب. وهذا إن دل على شيء إنما يدل على أن اضافة حمض الهيوميك في المعاملات التي تضمنتها هذه الدراسة، ساهمت في زيادة المخزون من الكربون العضوي في موسم الزراعة.
كما أكدت نتائج تحليل المحلول الراشح على أن تركيز الأملاح ازداد في مياه الراشح عند المعاملات W3 بالمقارنة مع المعاملات في W2، وقد بلغ متوسط الناقلية الكهربائية للمحلول الراشح في المعاملات W3 (بدون إضافة حمض الهيوميك والجيبس) نحو 17.08 dS/m، بينما كان متوسط قيم الناقلية الكهربائية للمحلول الراشح في المعاملات المماثلة لها في W2 نحو 11.16 dS/m. حيث ساهم معامل الغسيل 20% المطبق في المعاملات W3 بزيادة غسيل الأملاح من التربة بكفاءة عالية إلى خارج منطقة انتشار الجذور، بالمقارنة مع معامل الغسيل 10 % المطبق في المعاملات W2.
أوضحت البيانات أن قيم الصوديوم المدمصة تأثرت بنوع الأملاح المغسولة من التربة، وبناءً عليه فقد ارتفعت قيم SAR في المعاملات W3 بالمقارنة مع المعاملات W2، حيث بلغ متوسط قيم SAR في W3 نحو (13. 24) وهو أكثر من ضعف متوسط قيم SAR في W2 الذي بلغ نحو (5.20). وهذا إن دل على شيء إنما يدل على تراكم الأملاح في الترب التي شملت المعاملات W2 أكثر من تراكم الملاح في المعاملاتW3.
وبرز دور حمض الهيوميك وخاصة المستوى الثالث H3)) بشكل واضح في زيادة الإنتاجية ووزن الألف حبة لمحصول القمح، بينما كان المستوى الثاني من الجيبس (G2) هو المتفوق من حيث الإنتاجية. وأشارت النتائج إلى تفوق انتاجية الشاهد (W1) المروي بمياه البئر التابع لكلية الزراعة, على المستويين (W3,W2)، وساهم تطبيق معامل الغسيل %20 في زيادة انتاجية الترب المروية بمياه مالحة حيث تفوقت الانتاجية في معاملاتW3 على انتاجية المعاملات W2.
