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Register a new userGroundwater Flow Modeling “Lower Euphrates Valley”
نمذجة حركة المياه الجوفية «حالة حوض الفرات الأدنى»
1994
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Authors
محمود السباعي( باحث )
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تعد مشكلة تملح الأراضي الزراعية من أخطر المشاكل التي تواجه الأراضي المروية في المناطق الجافة و شبة الجافة ذات الصرف السيئ. يعاني حوض الفرات في سورية من هذه المشكلة الناتجة عن ارتفاع مستوى الماء الجوفي و معدل التبخر و هي مشكلة خطيرة و تجب معالجتها بسرعة لما تسببه من خفض للإنتاج الزراعي أو تدهور للأرض في حالاته القصوى. من هنا كانت فكرة إعداد نموذج رياضي لحركة الماء الجوفي في حوض الفرات الأدنى (القطاع السادس) خطوة في الاتجاه الصحيح للاستفادة منه في تحديد الصرف الأمثل للحوض بتحديد المواقع المثلى لآبار الصرف الشاقولي في المناطق الأكثر خطورة و خفض مستوى المياه الجوفية و وقف تدهور الأراضي الزراعية.
The provision of adequate drainage and the accompanying problem of accumulation of salt in soil have plagued irrigated agriculture for centuries. Soil salinity is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid zones. In Euphrates valley the high groundwater level and its high evaporation rate caused a serious salinity problem. This study was aimed to allocate the dangerous areas in terms of high water level resulted from the recent and expected activities. Drainage wells will be drilled at these areas in order to lower the groundwater level and prevent further soil salinity.
References used
American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM) (1993). Standard Guide for Comparing Groundwater flow Model Simulation to Site-Specific Information; Designation: D 5490-93; USA
Anderson, M. P. & Woessner, W. W. (1992). Applied Groundwater Modelling; Academic Press, San Diego
Boonstra, J. & de Ridder, N. A. (1981). Numerical Modelling of Groundwater Basins; International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement ILRI, publication 29; The Netherlands
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Sector No. 5 is located on the right side of Euphrates River, Southeast of
ALMyadeen City. Many lands there are not suitable for agricultural uses, because of the
saline soils. This research aimed to evaluate the system of the unconfined groundwate
r
resources, by adopting the measurement results in 40 piezometers, drilled in aquifer of
quaternary deposits which consist of loam, gravel, and sandy gravel, underneath which are
impervious Neogene deposits.
The annual changes of groundwater levels of quaternary aquifer were 1-3 meters, due
to rain and irrigation water leaking. The groundwater table is shallow (less than 2.5 m),
because of the excessive irrigation, which gives an urgent necessity to construct effective
drain network to reduce groundwater levels. Groundwater salinity reaches 29 gr/liter, and
concentrations of the chloride and sulphate are 11 gr/liter, 3,5 gr/liter in some locations,
because of the natural and artificial situations. Therefore, this groundwater is not suitable
for domestic, or agricultural purposes in most areas of the region.
The third sector of lower Euphrates basin has a great economic importance, but some
lands have gone out of service because of salinization due to the rise of groundwater levels.
Thus, it is very important to solve the ground water issue using new s
cientific techniques.
This research aims to solve the drainage problem in the third sector using a scenario based
on a mathematical model, the results of which allow us design a proper drainage network
comprised of 111 wells scattered all over the study area, with a total abstraction of 269000
m3/day. This will lower the groundwater level, dry the swamps, and decrease the soil
salinity, ensuring a sustainable economic exploitation of agricultural lands.
The Seventh sector is located on the right bank of the Euphrates River at the town of ALbu- Kamal, the Syrian-Iraq border. Invest most heavily sector too, by planting different crops which irrigated by irrigation networks consisting of canals and ear
then trenches. Research aims to evaluate the salinity of agricultural soils and unconfined groundwater by doing field surveying of agricultural soils of horizons from ground surface till depth 200cm. and making detailed chemical analysis of free groundwater and evaluate the quality of it to determine the salinity regions and the salinity degree. The salinity of agricultural soils of the sector are sulfate-chlorine and little degree chlorine - sulfate and chlorine classified non salinity –little salinity and little degree moderate salinity to very highly and highly salinity. The salinity of free groundwater between 1.3-28.5 g/l. and classified chlorine sulfate-magnesia calcic and sometimes sulfate chlorine- calcic magnesia. The research recommend to study and determine the leachingrequirement of salinity regions from actual test or choosing the most appropriate experimental equations.
Seventh sector is located on the right bank of the Euphrates River at the town of Abu-
Kamal, the Syrian-Iraq border, and its square 18140 hectares. Invest most heavily sector
too, where crops depend on irrigation, irrigation networks mediated cons
isting of earthen
trenches, canals and to pump water by pumps on the banks of the Euphrates.
Research aims to assess the pedelogical properties of agricultural soils by using laboratory
and field tests: leaching speed, permeability, density, porosity, water field capacity, natural
humidity (hygroscopic– wilt limit), so as to contribute in choosing optimal modalities for
irrigation and drainage, and rehabilitation Land affected by salinity and exited the
investment.
The soils of the sector are clay, clayey sand, fine sand, and it has low permeability, low
water field capacity because of sedimentary origin, and the total porosity is low in the
upper part of subsurface soil because of its impaction. There is a relationship between
hygroscopic moisture of soils and its structural composition. The search recommend to
agriculture Fabaceae crops with different roots deep to help improve soil building, and
need to use spray irrigation method to control the water quantity and wetting depth.
Groundwater is an important source of drinking water. Therefore; groundwater
contamination is a source of continuing concern. Groundwater contamination is unlike
surface water contamination, because it is difficult to define and harder to be contro
lled
and treated. It may also last for years or decades.
Deveh Spring area is an agricultural area in Lattakia. It suffers from many
environmental problems, so, it is very important to assess spring water vulnerability using
DRASTIC and create water vulnerability assessment map by GIS.
The map showed that the recharge water to Deveh Spring has a high and moderate
vulnerability to contamination. The area of high vulnerable groundwater zone is (82Km2),
which is about (48%) from the whole study area. The area of moderate vulnerable
groundwater zone is (40Km2), which is about (23%) from the whole study area. Sufficient
actions must be taken to protect water from contamination, through the integrated
management of groundwater resources.
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