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Register a new userThe traditional solar architecture as a start to improve building energy consumption
العمارة التقليدية الشمسية كمنطلق لتحسين استهلاك المباني للطاقة
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روضة السلقيني( باحث )
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تصنف مشكلة الحفاظ على الطاقة كتحدي العصر، فمع زيادة عدد السكان ازداد استهلاك الطاقة كما لم توفر التصاميم الحديثة حلولاً مناسبة لوقف استنزاف الموارد. إن الهدف الأساسي للتصميم البيئي هو توظيف المصادر الطبيعية للطاقة من أجل الوصول إلى شروط الراحة المناخية المطلوبة في المبنى، و بالتالي التوفير في الطاقة، و قد أثبتت الدراسات صلاحية العديد من المفاهيم التي كانت أساس تصميم العمارة التقليدية المصنفة ضمن العمارة البيئية الشمسية.
The problem of energy conservation is classified as the challenge of the age. As the population increases, energy consumption increases, and modern designs don't provide solutions to stop depletion of resources. The main goal of environmental design is to employ natural energy sources to achieve the micro-climate conditions required in buildings, thus saving energy. Studies have proved the validity of many concepts that were the basis of the traditional architecture design classified within solar environmental architecture.
References used
YEANG, K, 1995- Designing With Nature-The Ecological Basis for Architectural Design
Daylight & architecture magazine, 2008, Issue 9, P57
عويضة، محمد محمود، 1983 ، التكنولوجيا الحديثة في البناء. دار النهضة العربية للنشر.
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plants plays an important function in alive environment and
generally in architecture, and it has an important function in the
formation of constructional spaces that the constructional masses
appears in their real scales and it is interrelated wi
th natural
elements that addresses the sharp architectural lines and the harsh
texture.
Plants and trees have important functions in all social economic
environmental aspects, in addition to their great function in
controlling sunshine and changing many hard climatic conditions,
and they have a great function in dilution the global warming which
has become a global phenomenon that the whole world is seeking to
solve.
With the increase in reliance on solar energy to produce electricity, so many maximum power point
tracking techniques for photovoltaic panels were developed to maximize the produced energy and a lot of
these are well established in the literature.
These techniques vary in many aspects such as: simplicity,
convergence speed, digital or analogical implementation, required sensors, cost, range of effectiveness, as
well as in other aspects.
This paper presents a comparative study of ten widely-adopted mppt algorithms; their performance is
evaluated from energy point of view using the simulation tool (Matlab), considering different solar
irradiance variations. Also, an economic evaluation has been made to make a comparison according to
performance and cost, to determine the optimal choice.
This research aims to study the effect of adding alloying elements and heat treatment
of Zinc metal on solar energy absorbing , nine alloys ingots were manufactured by
changing the percentages of added Aluminum and Copper on the pure Zinc, and thes
e
ratios of Aluminum were : (10% , 20% , 30% , 40 % , 50%) to demonstrate the effect of
adding Aluminum to Zinc metal on solar energy absorbing , and ratios of copper were :
(20% , 40%) , as well as we prepare two pure zinc samples with 99.2% of purity , one
was rapidly cooled and the other slowly cooled , to demonstrate the effect of heat treatment
on solar energy absorbing .
In order to measure the solar energy absorbing for prepared samples , we
manufactured a device depends on the methods of heat exchange between solar radiation
and the surface exposed to radiation .
The obtained results showed that adding Aluminum and Copper to the pure Zinc
caused a decrease in solar energy absorbing .
As well as increasing the percentages of adding Aluminum and Copper to the pure
Zinc caused a gradually decrease in solar energy absorbing .
comparing the absorbing of pure zinc samples, one was rapidly cooled and the other
slowly cooled , the results showed that the sample was rapidly cooled was better than the
sample slowly cooled on solar energy absorbing .
This research deals with improving the efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) power
systems using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT), to control the duty cycle of DC-DC Voltage Converter, to achieve the
photovolt
aic system works at a Maximum Power Point under different atmospheric
changes of the solar insolation and ambient temperature. In this context, this research
presents a new model for FLC developed in Matlab/Simulink environment. The proposed
model for the controller is based on the conventional Perturb and Observe (P&O)
technique. Where, in similar to the conventional P&O technique, the changes in the Power
and tension of photovoltaic power system, are considered as the input variables of the
proposed controller, while the output variable is the change in the duty cycle. The main
advantage of the developed controller FLC, based on the considering the change in the
duty cycle has a Variable Step Size, and directly related to the changes in the power and
tension of the Photovoltaic system. Which make it possible to overcome the problem of
fixed Step Size in the change of the duty cycle in the conventional MPPT- P&O Controller
based on P&O technique. The MPPT- P&O Fuzzy, works by a variable step size achieve a
fast speed response and high efficiency for tracking the MPP point under sudden and
rapidly varying atmospheric conditions, compared with the conventional MPPT- P&O. The
simulation results completed in Matlab/Simulink environment, showed the best
performance of developed MPPT- P&O Fuzzy controller in tracking the MPP by achieving
a better dynamic performance and high accuracy, compared with the use of the
conventional MPPT- P&O under different atmospheric changes.
This research presents a new methodology for the development of a controller based
on Artificial Neural Networks and Direct control method in order to obtain the maximum
available energy from Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy systems under different a
tmospheric
changes of the solar insolation and ambient temperature. In this context, this research
presents a new model for MPPT-ANN in order to track the Maximum Power Point of PV
systems in Matlab/Simulink environment. The developed controller is based on Feed
Forward Neural Network FFNN trained by Back-propagation algorithm of error to
determine the optimal voltage operation of the system PV system at different atmospheric
changes. This research also suggests, control algorithm based on the direct control method
in order to determine the duty cycle, which used to control directly the operating of DCDC
Voltage Converter, depending on a comparison of the difference between the output
voltage of PV system and the optimal voltage output of the neural network. The developed
controller MPPT-ANN based on a network FFNN, Characterized by fast speed to track of
MPP point and achieve high efficiency for the PV system under the atmospheric changes.
The simulation results completed in Matlab/Simulink environment, showed the best
performance of developed controller MPPT-ANN by achieving a better dynamic
performance and high accuracy when tracking the MPP, compared with the use of the
another PI-ANN controller based on artificial neural network and the conventional
Proportional-Integral Controller, and compared with the use of the conventional MPPTP&
O based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique under different atmospheric changes.
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