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Register a new userBehavior of Steel Frame with Thin Steel Infill Plate or Steel Bracing Under Cyclic Loading-Comparative Study
سلوك إطار معدني مملوء بصفيحة معدنية أو تربيط معدني تحت تأثير حمل دوري – دراسة مقارنة
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يعتبر كل من التربيط المعدني و الصفائح المعدنية العاملة كجدران قص من أشهر الطرق المتّبعة في تقوية الإطارات المعدنية على الأحمال الزلزالية. تم في هذا البحث دراسة جدوى استخدام صفيحة معدنية كبديل عن التربيط الفولاذي من الناحية الإنشائية و ذلك بإجراء تحليل عددي باستخدام طريقة العناصر المحدودة (FEM) و استخدام التحليل اللاخطي الذي يأخذ بعين الاعتبار لاخطية المادة و لا خطية التشوهات الكبيرة مع أخذ سوء الصنع بعين الاعتبار (GMNIA). حيث تمت مقارنة الإطار المدعم بالتربيط . المعدني و الإطار المدعم بالصفيحة المعدنية، ثم بعد ذلك تم زيادة سماكة الصفيحة المعدنية و مساحة مقطع التربيط و بيان أثر هذه الزيادة على السلوك الزلزالي للإطار. بينت هذه الدراسة الفائدة الكبيرة المحققة من إضافة عنصر التقوية من خلال تحسين المقاومة و الطاقة المبددة و المطاوعة. و كذلك تم تجربة تغيير نسبة عرض الإطار إلى ارتفاعه و ذلك لتحديد نوعية التدعيم الأفضل من حيث المقاومة و مقدار الطاقة المبددة حيث تبين أن التربيط المعدني أفضل من الصفيحة المعدنية عندما يكون عرض فتحة الإطار أقل من ثلاثة أضعاف ارتفاعه، أما في الفتحات التي يزيد فيها عرض الإطار عن ثلاثة أضعاف ارتفاعه فيفضل استخدام الصفيحة المعدنية.
Braced frames and steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have both been shown to be useful in the seismic retrofit of buildings. While both these systems have merit, no guidance exists to determine which of the two approaches is preferable in terms of providing maximum displacement ductility and energy dissipation per cycle for a given strength. This paper describes and compares results from numerical evaluation using FEM, in which the nonlinearity of materials and the nonlinear effects of the large displacement was included for tow frames. The results of numerical study was identical to the experimental tests, then a barometric study was achieved by changing the thickness of infill plate then the area of the cross sections of braces, after that the width of the frame was modified. The result shown that using steel infill plate is preferable when the dimension of bay is three times the height, while using braces is more adequate for frames in which the dimension of bay is less than three times the height.
References used
THORBURN.L; KULAK.G; MONTGOMERY.C, 1983- Analysis of Steel Plate Shear Walls. Structural Engineering Report, No. 107, University of Alberta, Canada, 153p
Abaqus ,version 6-12. Abaqus standard/User´s manual, ABAQUS, INC,USA
BERMAN.J; CELIK.O; BRUNEAU.J, 2005, Comparing Hysteretic Behavior Of Light-gauge Steel Plate Shear Walls and Braced Frames, Engineering Structures, Vol.27, 475-485p
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After passing through the allowable stresses stage Cold
Formed Steel Frames fail under instability secure, these frames are
designed to resist loads in the elastic stage [7]. Many efforts are
being made to increase their performance by using speci
al bolted or
welded connections [13], such as rigid connections or plastic
connections, stiffened and built-up sections [1] could be used to
increase the sections resistance.
In rigid connections [11], stiffeners are added to insure the flexural
behavior of these connections [10] while the plastic deformation
occurs at the Horizontal Boundary Element (beam) and far from the
face of the column, such as stiffened bolted Apex connection.
In plastic connections, the cold formed steel frame will produce
high ductility performance through the nonlinear behavior by
reaching the maximum bearing capacity of the bolts. Depending on
this principle we should insure the elastic behavior of the boundary
elements, and avoid local buckling by using high strength cold
formed profiles and slipping bolted connections, the rotation of this
slotted connection in certain angle after reaching the bearing
capacity, will act as a plastic hinge that absorbs the extra stresses
which will affect the steel frame due to the lateral loads such as
Cyclic forces
Most existing structures are not designed with cod
requirements to meet seismic risk, Therefor methods for
strengthening and stiffening existing buildings are important .
This study is comparing between strengthening by adding shear
wall or by ad
ding steel bracing.X -V
The study shows the importance of using steel bracing system
that is excellent approach for strengthening and stiffening
existing buildings with small increase in mass ,the study also
approved that the constant value of R(response factor)(as
mentioned in the Syrian code and UBC97) is not completely
correct.
Frame structures contribute to resist the seismic loads. On the other hand, many techniques were used to improve the resistance against lateral loads where steel shear walls are considered to be one of these ways.
This research aims to study the eff
ect of strengthening of the
reinforced concrete frames inserting perforated steel plate shear walls embedded within the frame. This study applied numerical analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM) using nonlinear pushover analysis based on geometrically and Materially Non-Linear Analysis (GMNLA) was performed. To study the behavior of the steel plate that seal the hall span of the reinforced concrete frame against lateral loads. Moreover, perforated steel plate was studied taking under consideration the effect of the number and the area of the perforations and strengthening of the perforations circumference on the resistance was observed.
This study conclude that using a perforated steel plate shear wall with reinforced- concrete frames and strengthening of the perforations circumference can enhance the resistance significantly beside that it decrease the frame deflection.
Stability of elements require determination of their dimension, such that
the resulting displacement under static or thermal loads are acceptable.
Those elements have to resist the applied loads so that the structure or any
element does not loss c
onstancy. The most important criteria for stability
is represented via element curvature under the influence of load, that load
is of any type or in any position. Therefor this paper presents derivation
of a theoretical equation to calculate the deflection generated from
heating variation between the top and bottom surface of simple steel
beam, by means of heating transfer expression.
In this paper the effect of the distinctive properties of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)
―the ability to undergo large deformation and restore it after stress removal‖ has been
studied to see to what degree it may affect the structural performance of mul
ti-storey tall
buildings.
Using ANSYS software, two 3D Finite Element (FE) models are built for a
composite multi-storey building (20 story) which is resistant to lateral loads by bracing
system. One of them is with steel bracing and the other is with SMA bracing. Both models
take into account nonlinear material properties of elements and geometric nonlinearity.
The model with SMA material shows improved performance compared with the
model of steel bracing in terms of residual deformations and ductile performance.
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