Cette étude vise à mettre en lumière les problèmes que génère la pratique de la traduction "explicative" et de l'apprentissage par cœur dans l'enseignement du FLE aux établissements scolaires et ses répercussions sur l'étude universitaire au départem
ent de français. Pour ce faire, nous tentons de mettre l'accent sur le rôle négatif que peut jouer la traduction généralisée en langue maternelle des leçons de français aux établissements scolaires. Nous envisageons la possibilité de mettre à profit les cours de traduction, inscrits dans le cursus académique du département, pour encadrer le perfectionnement linguistique dont les étudiants ont besoin. Ceci serait possible dans un cadre théorique de réflexion, basé sur un couple de concepts appartenant à la grammaire générative. Certaines propositions pratiques sont formulées à la fin de cette étude.
In this paper the tracking model in WiMAX Relay Station'
Directional antenna are implemented by OPNET Modeler to Direct
the beam toward users.
This research studies the effect of the addition of polypropylene
fibers (PF) on the properties of the swelling clayey soil. The effect
of PF on the shear strength of the clayey soil has been studied
and the results show that adding PF, up to spec
ific value,
increases the shear strength. Beyond this value of addition, the
shear strength decreases. The increase in shear strength was
about (100-110) % and the optimal addition ratio was determined.
The research aims to study the effect of soil content of gypsum on
the Engineering Characteristics and the usability of compression.
The effect of increasing the proportion of gypsum in the soil on the
Atrberg limits values was studied, and found
that an increase in
the proportion of gypsum in the soil reduces the Plasticity.
The effect of the gypsum content on the Swelling Capability for
soil was studied and found that the swelling ability reduces with
increasing the proportion of gypsum and the swelling pressure
value also decreases with increasing the soil content of gypsum.
It was studied The effect of mixing gypsum soil - cement on the
usability of compression, and found that the addition of cement to
the soil reduces the usability of compression.
This research aims to study the effect of stone columns on
the change of settlement in clay soils.
We defined the stone column and its uses , We explained
the transfer mechanism of load to the soil .
We spoke about important theories which discus
s the
settlement of clay soil reinforced by stone columns (Priebe
theory) .
we used the unite cell idea to study the settlement behavior
in the clay soils affected by the stone column to generalize
the study on unlimited loading area of clay soils , so we has
been defined some of the basics which relate to the unit cell
.We made a group of tests on a small model to define the
settlement of clay soils in the case of absence of stone
columns and in the case of presence of stone columns with
different diameters to know the change of the settlement
with the change of area replacement ratio inside the unite
cell , then we compared the laboratory tests results with the
results of Priebe (1995) .
Most existing structures are not designed with cod
requirements to meet seismic risk, Therefor methods for
strengthening and stiffening existing buildings are important .
This study is comparing between strengthening by adding shear
wall or by ad
ding steel bracing.X -V
The study shows the importance of using steel bracing system
that is excellent approach for strengthening and stiffening
existing buildings with small increase in mass ,the study also
approved that the constant value of R(response factor)(as
mentioned in the Syrian code and UBC97) is not completely
correct.
The mid-transverse section is considered one of the significant sections in the
shiphull, because it exists in the middle of its calculated length, where the bindings
moments reach the maximum, in consequence the hull strength can be determined thr
ough
the strength of this section. Its design process includes the determination of the dimensions
of plats and different framing beams and considered one of the important stages in the hull
design process. This research includes the estimation of calculated values of binding
moments, inertia and resistant’s moments of this section area, initiated from the providing
conditions of critical strength and fatigue strength. It also includes, the formals used for the
determination of longitudinal elements dimensions through the transverse thicknesses and
metal distribution type among them. The longitudinal strength of the hull was evaluated
according the perpendicular and tangential stresses.
It is well known that arch is a main part of the historical structures. Therefore, many techniques are used to strengthen these arches. In this paper, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is used to reinforce the arch under vertical loads. Materially Non-L
inear Analysis (MNLA) is performed to demonstrate the behavior of the arch with and without the FRP.
On the other hand, the effect of FRP lamina thickness and length is undertaken in this research. This paper shows that a small amount of the FRP to some local areas can enhance the ultimate strength of the arch significantly.
Repair of denture fractures is still a common problem in
prosthodontics. With denture fracture, patient may be affected esthetically,
functionally, and psychologically. In addition, patient will carry additional
costs. There is no information abou
t the causes and patterns of fracture of
acrylic dentures in Damascus.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of type
of denture repairs and the causes and patterns of denture fractures in
Damascus. Thus, we can reach recommendations may limit relevant
problems.
