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Studies of Completely Effect Between Liquid of Soap and Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H for Integrate Controlling the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae K

دراسة التأثير التوافقي بين محلول الصابون و المفترس Phytoseiulus persimilis A-H في المكافحة المتكاملة للأكاروس الأحمر ذي البقعتين Tetranychus urticae K

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 Publication date 2010
  fields Plant Protecion
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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In this experiment, liquid of soap at three dosages (3, 5 and 7 ml/L) and Abamectin (12.5 ml/100L) has been used with releas of the mite predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis for controlling the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae on bean plants under laboratory conditions. Contact toxicity of soap liquid and Abamectin were evaluated and classified according to IOBC. Efficacy of soap liquid at 3 and 5 ml/L was not sufficient to repress spider mite populations while the using of soap liquid at three concentration with predatory mite showed supporter effect and provide satisfactory control whereas soap liquid determined to be slightly harmful- moderately to P. persimilis. Abamectin with predatory mite or if used only gave sufficient control to spider mite population but without supporter effect between Abamectin and predatory mite whereas Abamectin determined to be harmful to P. persimilis. However, using soap at suitable dosage, with or without predatory mite, gave encouraging results for controlling spider mites. Generally, using of soap showed adaptation with predatory mite and proved supporter effect for controlling the spider mites. In despite of, soap showed no phytotoxicity to host plants but needs to be tested in greenhouse and field conditions before application.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تأثير استخدام سائل الصابون بتركيزات مختلفة (3، 5، و7 مل/لتر) بالإضافة إلى استخدام مادة الأبيمكتين (12.5 مل/100 لتر) مع إطلاق العنكبوت المفترس Phytoseiulus persimilis للسيطرة على العنكبوت ذو البقعتين Tetranychus urticae على نباتات الفاصوليا تحت ظروف المختبر. تم تقييم السمية التلامسية لسائل الصابون والأبيمكتين وتصنيفها وفقًا لمعايير IOBC. أظهرت النتائج أن فعالية سائل الصابون بتركيزي 3 و5 مل/لتر لم تكن كافية لقمع تجمعات العنكبوت، بينما أظهر استخدام سائل الصابون بتركيزات مختلفة مع العنكبوت المفترس تأثيرًا داعمًا وحقق سيطرة مرضية. ومع ذلك، كانت مادة الأبيمكتين ضارة للعنكبوت المفترس P. persimilis. أظهرت الدراسة أن استخدام الصابون بجرعات مناسبة، مع أو بدون العنكبوت المفترس، أعطى نتائج مشجعة للسيطرة على العناكب. على الرغم من أن الصابون لم يظهر أي سمية نباتية على النباتات المضيفة، إلا أنه يحتاج إلى اختبار في ظروف البيوت الزجاجية والميدان قبل التطبيق العملي.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تقدم هذه الدراسة رؤى قيمة حول استخدام سائل الصابون والأبيمكتين مع العنكبوت المفترس للسيطرة على العنكبوت ذو البقعتين. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض النقاط التي يمكن تحسينها. أولاً، تقتصر الدراسة على ظروف المختبر، مما يجعل من الصعب تعميم النتائج على البيئات الزراعية الحقيقية. ثانياً، لم يتم التطرق إلى الآثار البيئية المحتملة لاستخدام الأبيمكتين والصابون على المدى الطويل. كما أن الدراسة لم تتناول تأثير هذه المواد على الكائنات الحية الأخرى غير المستهدفة. وأخيراً، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تجارب ميدانية لتأكيد النتائج المخبرية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المواد المستخدمة في الدراسة للسيطرة على العنكبوت ذو البقعتين؟

    تم استخدام سائل الصابون بتركيزات 3، 5، و7 مل/لتر، بالإضافة إلى مادة الأبيمكتين بتركيز 12.5 مل/100 لتر، مع إطلاق العنكبوت المفترس Phytoseiulus persimilis.

  2. ما هي النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة بخصوص فعالية سائل الصابون؟

    أظهرت النتائج أن سائل الصابون بتركيزي 3 و5 مل/لتر لم يكن كافيًا لقمع تجمعات العنكبوت، بينما أظهر استخدام سائل الصابون بتركيزات مختلفة مع العنكبوت المفترس تأثيرًا داعمًا وحقق سيطرة مرضية.

  3. كيف تم تقييم السمية التلامسية لسائل الصابون والأبيمكتين؟

    تم تقييم السمية التلامسية لسائل الصابون والأبيمكتين وتصنيفها وفقًا لمعايير IOBC.

  4. ما هي التوصيات النهائية للدراسة بشأن استخدام سائل الصابون؟

    توصي الدراسة باستخدام سائل الصابون بجرعات مناسبة، مع أو بدون العنكبوت المفترس، للسيطرة على العناكب، ولكنها تشير إلى ضرورة اختبار هذه النتائج في ظروف البيوت الزجاجية والميدان قبل التطبيق العملي.


References used
Alzoubi, S. and S. Cobanoglu. (2007). Effects of sub lethal dose of different pesticides on the two-spotted spider mite "Tetranychus urticae Koch" and its predatory mites under greenhouse conditions. World J. Agric. Sci. 3: 764-70
Ay, R. (2005). Determination of susceptibility and resistance of some greenhouse populations of Tetranychus urticae Koch to chlorpyrifos (Dursban 4) by the Petri dish-Potter tower method, J. Pest Sci. 78: 139-143
Boller, E.F., H. Vogt., P. Ternes and C. Malavolta. (2006). Working Document on Selectivity of Pesticides (2005). Internal newsletter issued by the publication commission for the IOBC/wprs council and executive committee ISSUE Nr 40
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Biological characteristics and life table parameters of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch) were studied when fed on leaves of two apple cultivars (i.e. Golden and Starking dilishz) under laboratory conditions 25±1 Cº, relative hum idity 65±5% and 16L:8D. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) by females of T.urticae was higher on leaves of Starking dilishz apple cultivar than on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivar (0.30, 0.27 female/female/day) respectively, while the generation time (T) and the time required for doubling the number of community mite (DT) were lower on leaves of Starking dilishz apple cultivars than on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivars (13.77, 2.3 days and 14.54, 2.55 days) respectively. The duration of the stages of growth from egg to adult female on leaves of Golden dilishz apple cultivar was longer than on Starking dilishz apple cultivars, where was (13.32 ± 1.15 and 12.22 ± 1.13), respectively, The Total fecundity on Golden dilishz apple cultivar was lower than on Starking dilishz cultivar (83.11 ± 8.91, 101.62 ± 15.48 eggs/female) respectively, The adult longevity on Golden dilishz leaves was lower than on Starking dilishz cultivar (15.33 ± 1.35, 17.14 ± 1.07 days) respectively, These differences on the apple varieties may be due to the chemical content and quality of the food and nature of the host tissue plant and the specifications can affect the rate of oviposition and development. and thus the Starking dilishz apple cultivars was more suitable for the development and reproduction of T. urticae compared with the Golden dilishz apple cultivar.
The accuracy of the taxon T. cinnabarinus (Boisduval 1867) as a distinct species, or as a synonym of Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836, is still standing as a controversial issue of taxonomy and as a point of discussion. T. cinnabarinus and T. urticae have been regarded in the first stage of this study as one species, and it was characterized depending on the distinctive characteristics of both genders. In the second stage, the two species were distinguished according to many morphological characters that have been recommended by authors cited T.cinnabarinus as a valid species. The efficiency of some measures adopted to distinguish both T. cinnabarinus and T. urticae were also tested. Measurements didn't match local samples that showed obvious differences, T. cinnabarinus & T. urticae are not likely to be considered as two different species according to recent researches. Both T. cinnabarinus and T. urticae were detected on various wild and cultivated host plants. One hundred samples of plants presented symptoms of tetranychid attacks were collected from different localities in Lattakia province. Both T. urticae and T. cinnabarinus were found on 29, 9 samples, respectively.
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extracts of three plants (Melia azedarach L., Smilax asepra L. and Styrax officinalis L.), three pesticides (acetamiprid, abamectin and pyridaben) and releasing of two preda tors (Phytoseiuls persimilis Athias–Henriot and Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant) in controlling of Tetranychus urticae Koch populations in tomato greenhouse.
The aim of the research was to study seasonal changes communities of spider mites and predatory mite Typhlodromus athiasae Porath and Swirski on two apple cultivars (Golden and red Delicious) from orchards located in two regions: Al-Mokharam and Al - Qusayr during the beginning May 2013 and the end of October 2014. The results showed that the highest density of the spider mites was in two essential period in early and mid summer, while T.athiasae started its active with started pery active, that started appear in the may, and the top of its number was in July, The mean density of the mite predator and spider mites was higher on the red Delicious apple cultivar compared to Golden Delicious with significant differences, and its presence was higher in the Al-Qusayr region compared to the Al-Mokharam region with significant differences, also remarked this predator on some surrounding vegetation in these orchards.
Aim: to compare the shaping ability of two rotary systems (Protaper Universal and Protaper Next) and K-file hand instruments in curved root canals of extracted human molars. Materials and methods:Thirty extracted molars with curved canals were cho sen. The curvature of root canals was determined (15-40o) then the sample was randomly divided into three groups: n1=n2=n3=10. Group(1): was prepared using K-file hand instruments (Stand), group(2): prepared by Protaper Universal (PTU), whereas group3: prepared by Protaper Next (PTN).The curvature after preparation and Time preparationwere evaluated. Data were collected and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: The three instrument systems (PTU, PTN, Stand) have caused significant change in original canal curvature(P<0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between systemsin straightening of canal curvature (P>0.05). However, both systems: PTN, Stand were significantly faster than PTU during preparation of curved canals (P<0,001).Conclusion: under the conditions of this study, it can be concluded thatall instruments caused changing in original canal curvature. However, the new generation PTN was faster than old one PTU.
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